做worksheet的网站seo的理解

某俄罗斯小哥，竟靠一个服务器软件直接封神？

介绍篇

反向代理

正向代理：A想要认识C，A没有办法直接跟C聊天，所以A通过B把消息传给C。
反向代理：表面上访问百度都是访问www.baidu.com，实际上域名后面有N多具体的ip服务器。
区别：是否对代理有感知，有就是正向代理，没有就是反向代理。

负载均衡

我有一台服务器负载100个请求，我新增一台服务器，通过负载均衡的配置，例如轮训策略，每一台服务器承担50个请求，这种方式就称为负载均衡。

下载篇

http://nginx.org/en/download.html

Linux

第一步：下载安装包

Windows

第一步：下载安装包

第二步：解压zip文件后，文件目录如图所示

第三步：启动nginx

输入命令nginx.exe 或 双击 nginx.exe ，推荐使用命令行启动，否则可能会启动多个nginx

第四步：访问 http://localhost/。如果出现以下页面代表启动成功。

命令篇

nginx -s stop

强制关闭

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s stopD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s stop
nginx: [error] CreateFile() "D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: The system cannot find the file specified)D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>

nginx -s quit

柔和关闭

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s quitD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s quit
nginx: [error] CreateFile() "D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: The system cannot find the file specified)D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>

nginx -v

show version and exit

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1

nginx -V

show version and configure options then exit

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
built by cl 16.00.30319.01 for 80x86
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1q  5 Jul 2022
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --with-cc=cl --builddir=objs.msvc8 --with-debug --prefix= --conf-path=conf/nginx.conf --pid-path=logs/nginx.pid --http-log-path=logs/access.log --error-log-path=logs/error.log --sbin-path=nginx.exe --http-client-body-temp-path=temp/client_body_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=temp/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=temp/fastcgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=temp/scgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=temp/uwsgi_temp --with-cc-opt=-DFD_SETSIZE=1024 --with-pcre=objs.msvc8/lib/pcre2-10.39 --with-zlib=objs.msvc8/lib/zlib-1.2.12 --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-mail --with-stream --with-openssl=objs.msvc8/lib/openssl-1.1.1q --with-openssl-opt='no-asm no-tests -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501' --with-http_ssl_module --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_module

nginx -s reload

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s reloadD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s stopD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s reload
nginx: [error] CreateFile() "D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: The system cannot find the file specified)D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>

nginx -s reopen

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s reopenD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s stopD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -s reopen
nginx: [error] CreateFile() "D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: The system cannot find the file specified)D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>

nginx -t

test configuration and exit

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

nginx -T

test configuration, dump it and exit

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1/conf/nginx.conf:

nginx -?

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -?
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix][-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]Options:-?,-h         : this help-v            : show version and exit-V            : show version and configure options then exit-t            : test configuration and exit-T            : test configuration, dump it and exit-q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing-s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload-p prefix     : set prefix path (default: NONE)-e filename   : set error log file (default: logs/error.log)-c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)-g directives : set global directives out of configuration fileD:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>

nginx -h

等同于 nginx -?

nginx -c

指定另一个配置文件

D:\nginx\nginx-1.22.1>nginx -c conf/nginx2.conf

Tips

• 正在运行的nginx执行这样的命令时会退出。
  

配置文件篇

全局块

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

worker_processes ：工作进程数，默认为1可以根据CPU处理能力适当调大。

events

events {worker_connections  1024;
}

worker_connections ：每一个worker进程支持的最大连接数量，默认1024。

http

http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;#gzip  on;server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {root   html;index  index.html index.htm;}#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}}# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration##server {#    listen       8000;#    listen       somename:8080;#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}# HTTPS server##server {#    listen       443 ssl;#    server_name  localhost;#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}}

• include mime.types; 默认引入这个文件，可以扩展其他文件。
• default_type application/octet-stream; 默认类型
• sendfile on;
• keepalive_timeout 65; 长连接超时时间
• #gzip on; 请求压缩，相当于拿服务器的CPU资源来换请求的大小，从而提升网络传输速度。

server

• listen 80; nginx默认监听端口
• server_name localhost; nginx服务名
• #charset koi8-r;

location

mime.types

文件中的内容

types {text/html                                        html htm shtml;text/css                                         css;text/xml                                         xml;image/gif                                        gif;image/jpeg                                       jpeg jpg;application/javascript                           js;application/atom+xml                             atom;application/rss+xml                              rss;

实战篇

反向代理

1 修改nginx.conf文件来实现代理www.baidu.com

 location /baidu {proxy_pass   https://www.baidu.com/;}

当访问 localhost:80/baidu路径的时候，nginx已经帮我们反向代理到www.baidu.com域名下。

2 新增server块来代理9001本地服务

代理前

代理后

3 通过80端口代理本地服务9001配置文件新增内容

游览器效果图

4 通过80端口代理内网ip服务效果图

nginx.conf内容

游览器效果图

负载均衡

upstream srv{server 127.0.0.1:8091 weight=1;server 127.0.0.1:8092 weight=1;}location / {root   html;index  index.html index.htm;proxy_pass   http://srv;}