背景

小项目，使用RabbitMQ作为消息队列，发布到不同的新环境时，由于新搭建的MQ中不存在Exchange和Queue，就会出错，还得手动去创建，比较麻烦，于是想在代码中将这些定义好后，自动控制MQ去创建。

原理与步骤

1. 第一步定义RabbitAdmin Bean
2. 第二步定义交换机 Bean
3. 第三步定义Queue Bean
4. 第四步定义Binding Bean， 这一步最关键，即将Queue与交换机

完整代码如下，定义如下代码后，即便使用新的MQ，启动项目也会自动创建，但是请注意 virtual-host 是无法被自动创建的(我目前的研究是这样，有自动创建的办法请留言告诉我，谢谢)，因此如果不使用默认的virtual-host，请在MQ控制台中去创建。

package com.app.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author Administrator* @date 2023/8/4 16:25* @description*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {@Autowiredprivate ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;@Beanpublic RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin() {RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);return rabbitAdmin;}@Bean("addOrderExchange")public DirectExchange addOrderExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("addOrderExchange").durable(true).build();}@Bean("defaultExchange")public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("").durable(true).build();}@Bean("addEvtDayInvest")public Queue addEvtDayInvest() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("addEvtDayInvest").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("addEvtDayInvestBind")public Binding addEvtDayInvestBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(addEvtDayInvest()).to(addOrderExchange()).with("");}@Bean("addMemberData")public Queue addMemberData() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("addMemberData").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("addMemberDataBind")public Binding addMemberDataBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(addMemberData()).to(addOrderExchange()).with("");}@Bean("addRepaymentPlant")public Queue addRepaymentPlant() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("addRepaymentPlant").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("addRepaymentPlantBind")public Binding addRepaymentPlantBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(addRepaymentPlant()).to(addOrderExchange()).with("");}@Bean("imQueue")public Queue imQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("imQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("imQueueBind")public Binding imQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(imQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("settleInterestQueue")public Queue settleInterestQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("settleInterestQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("settleInterestQueueBind")public Binding settleInterestQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(settleInterestQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("registerQueue")public Queue registerQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("registerQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("registerQueueBind")public Binding registerQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(registerQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("memberLoginLogQueue")public Queue memberLoginLogQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("memberLoginLogQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("memberLoginLogQueueBind")public Binding memberLoginLogQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(memberLoginLogQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("addParentDataQueue")public Queue addParentDataQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("addParentDataQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("addParentDataQueueBind")public Binding addParentDataQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(addParentDataQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("addOrderQueue")public Queue addOrderQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("addOrderQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("addOrderQueueBind")public Binding addOrderQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(addOrderQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("memberPerformanceQueue")public Queue memberPerformanceQueue() {Queue queue =  QueueBuilder.durable("memberPerformanceQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("memberPerformanceQueueBind")public Binding memberPerformanceQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(memberPerformanceQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}@Bean("computeExpectedIncomeQueue")public Queue computeExpectedIncomeQueue() {Queue queue = QueueBuilder.durable("computeExpectedIncomeQueue").build();rabbitAdmin().declareQueue(queue);return queue;}@Bean("computeExpectedIncomeQueueBind")public Binding computeExpectedIncomeQueueBind() {return BindingBuilder.bind(computeExpectedIncomeQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).withQueueName();}/*** 自定义 json 格式发送消息** @return*/@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter() {return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();}}