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文章目录
- 1.postgresql与日志有关的参数
- 2.开启日志
- 3.指定日志目录
- 4.設置文件名format
- 5.設置日志文件產出模式
- 6.設置日志记录格式
- 7.日誌輪換
- 7.1非截斷式輪換
- 7.2 截斷式輪換
- 8.日誌記錄內容
- 8.1 log_statement
- 8.2 log_min_duration_statement
- 9 輸出範本
1.postgresql与日志有关的参数
postgres=#select name,setting,unit,context from pg_settings where name like 'log_%';name | setting | unit | context
-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------+-------------------log_autovacuum_min_duration | 60000 | ms | sighuplog_checkpoints | on | | sighuplog_connections | off | | superuser-backendlog_destination | csvlog | | sighuplog_directory | /data/pg_log | | sighuplog_disconnections | off | | superuser-backendlog_duration | off | | superuserlog_error_verbosity | default | | superuserlog_executor_stats | off | | superuserlog_file_mode | 0600 | | sighuplog_filename | postgresql_log.%a | | sighuplog_hostname | off | | sighuplog_line_prefix | %t [%p] [%l-1] user=%u db=%d app=%a client=%h | | sighuplog_lock_waits | on | | superuserlog_min_duration_statement | 60000 | ms | superuserlog_min_error_statement | error | | superuserlog_min_messages | warning | | superuserlog_parser_stats | off | | superuserlog_planner_stats | off | | superuserlog_replication_commands | off | | superuserlog_rotation_age | 1440 | min | sighuplog_rotation_size | 10240 | kB | sighuplog_statement | none | | superuserlog_statement_stats | off | | superuserlog_temp_files | 0 | kB | superuserlog_timezone | Asia/Jakarta | | sighuplog_truncate_on_rotation | on | | sighuplogging_collector | on | | postmaster
2.开启日志
name | setting | unit | context
-------------------+---------+------+------------logging_collector | on | | postmaster
3.指定日志目录
name | setting | unit | context
---------------+--------------+------+---------log_directory | /data/pg_log | | sighup
4.設置文件名format
name | setting | unit | context
--------------+--------------------------------+------+---------log_filename | postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log | | sighup
5.設置日志文件產出模式
可選模式：
1.syslog
2.csvlog
3.sterr
name | setting | unit | context
-----------------+---------+------+---------log_destination | csvlog | | sighup
6.設置日志记录格式
name | setting | unit | context
-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+------+---------log_line_prefix | %t [%p] [%l-1] user=%u db=%d app=%a client=%h | | sighup
參數說明(此部分在postgresql.conf文件中有詳細說明)，抄錄如下:
log_line_prefix = ‘%t [%p] [%l-1] user=%u db=%d app=%a client=%h’
# special values:
# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session processes
# %% = ‘%’
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> ’
7.日誌輪換
7.1非截斷式輪換
name | setting | unit | context
--------------------------+---------+------+---------log_rotation_age | 1440 | min | sighuplog_rotation_size | 10240 | kB | sighuplog_truncate_on_rotation | off | | sighup
以上設置，基本策略將是假如log time>=1440分鐘 or log size>=10240kb,當logfile.log_truncate_on_rotation = off 將會按照
步驟4與步驟5中log_filename雨log_destination中設定的format產生新的logfile，不會覆蓋舊的日誌，隨著時間推移，將會有撐滿disk空間的風險，因此需要定時手工或設定排程刪除舊的日誌文件
輸出範本如下：
postgres@PCNIY-PROD01:/data/pg_log$ ls -alh|sort -k 9
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 11M Jul 31 23:22 postgresql-2023-07-31_204013.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 11M Aug 1 02:03 postgresql-2023-07-31_232213.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 11M Aug 1 04:35 postgresql-2023-08-01_020327.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 11M Aug 1 07:08 postgresql-2023-08-01_043532.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 10M Aug 1 08:54 postgresql-2023-08-01_070832.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 11M Aug 1 10:25 postgresql-2023-08-01_085407.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 2.4M Aug 1 10:47 postgresql-2023-08-01_102541.csv
7.2 截斷式輪換
如果logfile.log_truncate_on_rotation = on，則會覆蓋原來的日誌。
同時也需要注意該參數只是針對時間到期的切換，如果是因為大小或者系統重啟發生切換時，並不會覆蓋已有的檔。
log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the# same name as the new log file will be# truncated rather than appended to.# But such truncation only occurs on# time-driven rotation, not on restarts# or size-driven rotation. Default is# off, meaning append to existing files# in all cases.
設置為ON後，結合log_filename設置，可以實現以周為單位的輪轉
name | setting | unit | context
--------------+-------------------+------+---------log_filename | postgresql_log.%a | | sighup
輸出將是如下：
postgres@pgd-prod01:/data/pg_log$ ls -alh|grep csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 18M Jul 28 23:59 postgresql_log.Fri.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 12M Jul 31 23:58 postgresql_log.Mon.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 366K Jul 29 23:57 postgresql_log.Sat.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 319K Jul 30 23:57 postgresql_log.Sun.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 19M Jul 27 23:56 postgresql_log.Thu.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 10M Aug 1 10:56 postgresql_log.Tue.csv
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 15M Jul 26 23:56 postgresql_log.Wed.csv
8.日誌記錄內容
8.1 log_statement
可選的選項:none, ddl, mod, all
name | setting | unit | context
---------------------+---------+------+-----------log_statement | ddl | | superuser
8.2 log_min_duration_statement
此選項需要注意時間設置，單為為millisecond,設定值太小將會產生過多的log,設置太大又有漏掉低效率的sql的可能
name | setting | unit | context
----------------------------+---------+------+-----------log_min_duration_statement | 60000 | ms | superuser
9 輸出範本
以上步驟產生輸出範本如下：
2023-08-01 11:29:26.505 WIB,"wmspci_app","pccwms502Zdb",73203,"172.19.2.74:35852",
64c88352.11df3,1,"SELECT",2023-08-01 11:00:18 WIB,54/7075354,845858776,LOG,00000,
"duration: 1746278.542 ms execute <unnamed>:
select * from pro_sap_to_bom_part($1,$2,$3) as result",
"parameters: $1 = '30', $2 = '', $3 = ''",,,,,,,,""