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以mongodb8.0.3为例。

1 创建mongo数据库时未挂载数据到宿主机

version: '3.1'
services:mongo_test:container_name: mongo_testrestart: alwaysimage: mongo:8.0.3ports:- 17017:27017volumes:- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro # 将外边时间直接挂载到容器内部，权限只读#- /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/data:/data/db#- /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/conf:/data/configdb- /opt/soft/mongo/keyfile.key:/data/configdb/keyfile.keyenvironment:TZ: Asia/Shanghai  # 设置时区为上海时区MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: rootMONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456logging:driver: json-fileoptions:max-size: 10mmax-file: 5networks:- mongonetworks:mongo:driver: bridge

2 查找数据卷位置

数据卷通常存储在/var/lib/docker/volumes/目录下。每个数据卷都有一个对应的文件夹。可以使用docker volume ls列出所有容器使用的数据卷，然后使用docker inspect <volume_name>查看特定数据卷的详细信息，找到其在宿主机上的存储路径。

[root@node01 mongo]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381
local     f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2[root@node01 mongo]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/
93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381  backingFsBlockDev  f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2  metadata.db

可以发现宿主机上的两个目录正是docker容器使用的卷。

容器存在时，可通过查看容器内数据默认的挂载找到对应关系：

docker inspect mongo_test"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/opt/soft/mongo/keyfile.key","Destination": "/data/configdb/keyfile.key","Mode": "rw","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"},{"Type": "volume","Name": "f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2/_data","Destination": "/data/configdb","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""},{"Type": "volume","Name": "93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381/_data","Destination": "/data/db","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""},{"Type": "bind","Source": "/etc/localtime","Destination": "/etc/localtime","Mode": "ro","RW": false,"Propagation": "rprivate"}]

如果容器不存在，可创建一个不挂载文件的新容器，从而分析已删除的原容器数据卷和宿主机上的卷积对应关系。

综上可以了解，上述两个数据卷是容器mongo_test使用的，且有如下对应关系：

/var/lib/docker/volumes/f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2:/data/configdb/var/lib/docker/volumes/93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381:/data/db

3 将容器在宿主机上的数据复制到指定目录下

mkdir -p /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/{conf,data}
chmod 777 /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/data
chmod 777 /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/confcp -R /var/lib/docker/volumes/f789fdd5ef3c229c7c1cb19a1478a7aba7416490191a563572eaf010f12317a2/_data/* /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/confcp -R /var/lib/docker/volumes/93bb1c65b0329a2050c29f2ef35eee4761a86029f1222e4f9df7d332a2bb6381/_data/* /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/data

4 修改docker-compose并挂载数据（注意端口）

version: '3.1'
services:mongo_test:container_name: mongo_testrestart: alwaysimage: mongo:8.0.3ports:- 17017:27017volumes:- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro # 将外边时间直接挂载到容器内部，权限只读- /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/data:/data/db- /opt/soft/mongo/mongo_test/conf:/data/configdb- /opt/soft/mongo/keyfile.key:/data/configdb/keyfile.keyenvironment:TZ: Asia/Shanghai  # 设置时区为上海时区MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: rootMONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456logging:driver: json-fileoptions:max-size: 10mmax-file: 5networks:- mongonetworks:mongo:driver: bridge

5 重新运行新容器

docker-compose up -d

至此，Docker容器数据恢复就完成了。