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Python和tkinter实现的字母记忆配对游戏

因为这个小游戏用到了tkinter，先简要介绍一下它。tkinter是Python的标准GUI(图形用户界面)库，它提供了一种简单而强大的方式来创建图形界面应用程序。它提供了创建基本图形界面所需的所有工具，同时保持了相对简单的学习曲线。tkinter是Python的内置库，无需额外安装。

messagebox是tkinter中用于创建各种类型的消息对话框的模块，需要注意的是messagebox是tkinter的一个子模块。为了正确使用messagebox，你需要从tkinter中单独导入它。

这个小游戏具有重新开始和难度设置功能。

“游戏”菜单，包含“新游戏”选项，点击它或完成一局游戏后,会自动开始新游戏。

“难度”菜单，难度设置，包含简单、中等和困难三个选项。

简单难度： 4x2 网格，8个方块

中等难度： 4x3 网格，12个方块

困难难度： 4x4 网格，16个方块

运行界面：

现在Python和tkinter实现字母记忆配对游戏源码，先看使用面向过程风格的版本源码：

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox 
import randomdef setup_menu(root, difficulty, new_game_func):"""设置游戏菜单"""menubar = tk.Menu(root)root.config(menu=menubar)# 创建"游戏"菜单game_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=game_menu)game_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=new_game_func)# 创建"难度"菜单difficulty_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menubar.add_cascade(label="难度", menu=difficulty_menu)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="简单", variable=difficulty, value="简单", command=new_game_func)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="中等", variable=difficulty, value="中等", command=new_game_func)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="困难", variable=difficulty, value="困难", command=new_game_func)def create_button(frame, row, col, on_click_func):"""创建游戏按钮"""button = tk.Button(frame, text='', width=10, height=5, command=lambda: on_click_func(row, col))button.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=5, pady=5)return buttondef new_game():"""开始新游戏"""global matches_found, first_click, buttons, symbolsmatches_found = 0first_click = None# 清除旧的游戏布局for widget in frame.winfo_children():widget.destroy()buttons = []# 根据难度设置游戏布局和符号if difficulty.get() == "简单":rows, cols = 4, 2symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] * 2elif difficulty.get() == "中等":rows, cols = 4, 3symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'] * 2else:  # 困难rows, cols = 4, 4symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H'] * 2random.shuffle(symbols)# 创建游戏按钮for i in range(rows):for j in range(cols):button = create_button(frame, i, j, on_click)buttons.append(button)def on_click(row, col):"""处理按钮点击事件"""global first_click, matches_foundindex = row * len(frame.grid_slaves()) // 4 + colbutton = buttons[index]if button['text'] == '':button['text'] = symbols[index]if first_click is None:first_click = (index, button)else:if symbols[index] == first_click[1]['text']:matches_found += 1if matches_found == len(symbols) // 2:tk.messagebox.showinfo("恭喜", "你赢了！")new_game()else:# 如果不匹配，0.5秒后隐藏按钮root.after(500, hide_buttons, index, first_click[0])first_click = Nonedef hide_buttons(index1, index2):"""隐藏不匹配的按钮"""buttons[index1]['text'] = ''buttons[index2]['text'] = ''# 主程序
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("字母记忆配对游戏")
root.geometry("400x450")  # 设置窗口的宽度为400像素，高度为450像素difficulty = tk.StringVar()
difficulty.set("简单")  # 默认难度为简单frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.pack()setup_menu(root, difficulty, new_game)# 初始化游戏变量
matches_found = 0
first_click = None
buttons = []
symbols = []new_game()  # 开始第一局游戏root.mainloop()  # 启动主事件循环

上面是使用面向过程风格的版本，下面改写为使用面向对象风格的版本，源码如下：

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox 
import randomclass MemoryGame:def __init__(self, master):self.master = masterself.master.title("字母记忆配对游戏")self.master.geometry("400x450") #设置了窗体的宽度为400像素，高度为450像素self.buttons = []self.first_click = Noneself.matches_found = 0self.difficulty = tk.StringVar()self.difficulty.set("简单")self.setup_menu()self.setup_game()def setup_menu(self):menubar = tk.Menu(self.master)self.master.config(menu=menubar)game_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=game_menu)game_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=self.new_game)difficulty_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menubar.add_cascade(label="难度", menu=difficulty_menu)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="简单", variable=self.difficulty, value="简单", command=self.new_game)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="中等", variable=self.difficulty, value="中等", command=self.new_game)difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="困难", variable=self.difficulty, value="困难", command=self.new_game)def setup_game(self):self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)self.frame.pack()self.new_game()def new_game(self):self.matches_found = 0self.first_click = Nonefor widget in self.frame.winfo_children():widget.destroy()self.buttons = []if self.difficulty.get() == "简单":rows, cols = 4, 2symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] * 2elif self.difficulty.get() == "中等":rows, cols = 4, 3symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'] * 2else:  # 困难rows, cols = 4, 4symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H'] * 2random.shuffle(symbols)for i in range(rows):for j in range(cols):button = tk.Button(self.frame, text='', width=10, height=5, command=lambda x=i, y=j: self.on_click(x, y))button.grid(row=i, column=j, padx=5, pady=5)self.buttons.append(button)self.symbols = symbolsdef on_click(self, row, col):index = row * len(self.frame.grid_slaves()) // 4 + colbutton = self.buttons[index]if button['text'] == '':button['text'] = self.symbols[index]if self.first_click is None:self.first_click = (index, button)else:if self.symbols[index] == self.first_click[1]['text']:self.matches_found += 1if self.matches_found == len(self.symbols) // 2:tk.messagebox.showinfo("恭喜", "你赢了！")self.new_game()else:# 如果不匹配，0.5秒后隐藏按钮self.master.after(500, self.hide_buttons, index, self.first_click[0])self.first_click = Nonedef hide_buttons(self, index1, index2):self.buttons[index1]['text'] = ''self.buttons[index2]['text'] = ''root = tk.Tk()
game = MemoryGame(root)
root.mainloop()