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Spring Cloud Eureka：服务注册与发现

Spring Cloud Eureka是Spring Cloud生态系统中的一个组件，它是用于实现服务注册与发现的服务治理组件。在微服务架构中，服务之间存在复杂的依赖关系，而Spring Cloud Eureka可以帮助解决服务之间相互查找和通信的问题

Eureka简介

Eureka是Netflix开源的服务发现组件，用于在分布式系统中实现服务注册与发现。它是Netflix公司在构建微服务架构时开发的核心组件之一，后来成为了Spring Cloud生态系统中的一部分

Eureka注册中心搭建

Eureka服务端搭建

• eureka-server依赖导入

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

• 启动类添加注解@EnableEurekaServer

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);}
}

• 配置文件application.yml配置

server:port: 8001 #指定运行端口
spring:application:name: eureka-server #指定服务名称
eureka:instance:hostname: localhost #指定主机地址client:fetch-registry: false #指定是否要从注册中心获取服务（注册中心不需要开启）register-with-eureka: false #指定是否要注册到注册中心（注册中心不需要开启）server:enable-self-preservation: false #关闭保护模式

Eureka客户端搭建

• eureka-client依赖导入

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

• 启动类添加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);}
}

• 配置文件application.yml配置

server:port: 8101 #运行端口号
spring:application:name: eureka-client #服务名称
eureka:client:register-with-eureka: true #注册到Eureka的注册中心fetch-registry: true #获取注册实例列表service-url:defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/ #配置注册中心地址

Eureka集群搭建

• eureka-sever添加配置文件application-replica1.yml配置第一个注册中心

server:port: 8002
spring:application:name: eureka-server
eureka:instance:hostname: replica1client:serviceUrl:defaultZone: http://replica2:8003/eureka/ #注册到另一个Eureka注册中心fetch-registry: trueregister-with-eureka: true

• 给eureka-sever添加配置文件application-replica2.yml配置第二个注册中心

server:port: 8003
spring:application:name: eureka-server
eureka:instance:hostname: replica2client:serviceUrl:defaultZone: http://replica1:8002/eureka/ #注册到另一个Eureka注册中心fetch-registry: trueregister-with-eureka: true

• 修改Eureka-client，连接到集群

server:port: 8102
spring:application:name: eureka-client
eureka:client:register-with-eureka: truefetch-registry: trueservice-url:defaultZone: http://replica1:8002/eureka/,http://replica2:8003/eureka/ #同时注册到两个注册中心

Eureka添加认证

• 添加SpringSecurity依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

• 添加application.yml配置文件（配置用户名、密码）

server:port: 8004
spring:application:name: eureka-security-serversecurity: #配置SpringSecurity登录用户名和密码user:name: macropassword: 123456
eureka:instance:hostname: localhostclient:fetch-registry: falseregister-with-eureka: false

添加 Java 配置WebSecurityConfig


默认情况下，Spring Security会开启CSRF（Cross-Site Request Forgery）保护，这是一种用于防止跨站点请求伪造攻击的安全机制。当你添加了Spring Security依赖到应用程序中时，每个POST、PUT、DELETE等修改类请求都需要在请求头中包含CSRF token才能被服务器接受


默认情况下添加SpringSecurity依赖的应用每个请求都需要添加CSRF token才能访问，Eureka客户端注册时并不会添加，所以需要配置/eureka/**路径不需要CSRF token

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.csrf().ignoringAntMatchers("/eureka/**");super.configure(http);}
}

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