搭建：基于nginx的上传功能

一、准备

开发一个基于nginx的上传功能。

• 下载nginx：https://nginx.org/en/download.html

  nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

• 下载nginx-upload-module插件：https://github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module/tags

  nginx-upload-module-2.3.0.tar.gz

二、安装nginx

1.1 解压nginx和nginx插件

先解压nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz, 然后将nginx-upload-module-2.3.0.tar.gz解压到nginx-1.18.0目录下。

[root@VM-4-3-centos nginx-1.18.0]# ll
总用量 788
drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 auto
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 302863 4月  21 2020 CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 462213 4月  21 2020 CHANGES.ru
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001   2502 4月  21 2020 configure
drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 contrib
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 html
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001   1397 4月  21 2020 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 man
drwxrwxr-x 3 root root   4096 8月   2 2018 nginx-upload-module-2.3.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001     49 4月  21 2020 README
drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001   4096 8月  19 09:52 src
[root@VM-4-3-centos nginx-1.18.0]#

1.2 编译并安装nginx

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

安装PCRE，让nginx支持Rewrite功能：

• 下载pcre ：http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gzhttp://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

[root@VM-4-3-centos servers]# cd pcre-8.35/
[root@VM-4-3-centos pcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@VM-4-3-centos pcre-8.35]# make && make install
......
[root@VM-4-3-centos pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version
8.35
[root@VM-4-3-centos pcre-8.35]#

编译并安装nginx

mkdir /usr/local/nginx

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --add-module=./nginx-upload-module-2.3.0 --with-pcre=/data/dev/servers/pcre-8.35make && make install

三、启动一个python后台服务，用于上传到临时路径文件，转移到正式路径

• 安装python3:https://blog.csdn.net/hefrankeleyn/article/details/122635487

#! python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
###########################
#
# description: nginx上传文件，将临时路径的文件拷贝到正式路径
# author: LiFei  
# mail: hefrankeleyn@gmail.com
# date: 2023-08-19
#  pip install Flask
#
###########################import logging,os,datetime, shutil, json,socket
from flask import Flask,request,abort,make_response
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s- %(name)s %(levelname)s- %(message)s")
# 创建一个应用
app = Flask(__name__)
base_dir="/data/dev/nginxUploadFiles"# 创建目录，如果目录不存在
def createDirIfNotExists(dirPath):if not dirPath:returnif not (os.path.exists(dirPath) and os.path.isdir(dirPath)):os.makedirs(dirPath)# 创建子路径
def createSubDir(params):sub_file_dir = ""if "busType" in params:busType = str(params["busType"]).replace(' ', '')if busType:sub_file_dir = os.path.join(sub_file_dir, busType)one_day = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')sub_file_dir = os.path.join(sub_file_dir, one_day)createDirIfNotExists(os.path.join(base_dir, sub_file_dir))return sub_file_dir# 将临时文件拷贝到正式文件目录
def exeUpload(params):if not params:abort(400)bus_file_name = params["file.name"]file_type = params["file.content_type"]tmp_file_path = params["file.path"]file_md5 = params["file.md5"]file_size = params["file.size"]real_filename = file_md5 + (bus_file_name[bus_file_name.rfind("."):] if bus_file_name.rfind(".")!=-1 else "")subDirPath = createSubDir(params)target_file_path = os.path.join(base_dir, subDirPath, real_filename)# 将临时路径文件拷贝到正式路径shutil.copyfile(tmp_file_path, target_file_path)# 这个路径，可以访问正式目录下的文件base_url = "http://%s:8088/" % (socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))# 返回结果json_data = json.dumps({"file_name": bus_file_name,"content_type": file_type,"file_md5": file_md5,"file_size": file_size,"file_path": target_file_path,"base_url": base_url,"sub_file_path": os.path.join(subDirPath, real_filename)})response = make_response(json_data)headers = {"content-type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"}response.headers = headersreturn response@app.route("/upload", methods=["POST", 'GET'])
def nginxUpload():if request.method == "POST":try:params = request.form.to_dict()response = exeUpload(params)return responseexcept Exception as e:err_str = str(e)response = make_response(err_str, 500)headers = {"content-type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8"}response.headers = headersreturn responseelse:response = make_response("<p>错误的请求类型</p>", 500)headers = {"content-type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8"}response.headers = headersreturn responseif __name__ =="__main__":app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=2230)

启动服务：

nohup python3 nginxUploadPassServer.py 1>nohup.out 2>&1 &

四、添加nginx配置

nginx.conf

user root;
worker_processes  1;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;sendfile        on;keepalive_timeout  65;include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
}

conf.d/nginx_80.conf

    server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;location / {root   html;index  index.html index.htm;}error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}}

（1）配置一个静态文件服务

conf.d/nginx_80.conf

    server {listen       8088;server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {alias  /data/dev/nginxUploadFiles/;autoindex on;#root   html;#index  index.html index.htm;}}

（2）配置上传文件服务

conf.d/nginxUplaod.conf

server {listen 5312;client_max_body_size 100m;location /upload {# 转到后端处理的URL，表示Nginx接受完上传的文件后，然后交给后端处理的地址upload_pass @fileserver_backend;# 上传模块接收到文件，临时存放的路径，1 表示方法，该方法需要在/tmp/nginx_upload 下创建以0 到 9位目录，上传的时候会进行一散列处理。 mkdir -p /tmp/nginx_upload/{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; chmod 777 -R /tmp/nginx_uploadupload_store /tmp/nginx_upload 1;# 上传文件的权限，rw表示读写，r只读upload_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;set $upload_field_name "file";# http 报头， pass 到后台页面后能获取set到报头字段upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.content_type "$upload_content_type";upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";# upload 模块自动生成一些信息，如文件大小，文件的md值upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.md5" "$upload_file_md5";upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.size" "$upload_file_size";# 允许的字段upload_pass_form_field "^.*$";#upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$";# 如果pass页面出现以下状态码，就删除本次上传的临时文件upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;# 打开开关， 把前段脚本请求的参数传给后端的脚本语言upload_pass_args on;}location @fileserver_backend {proxy_pass http://localhost:2230;}
}

五、启动nginx和python服务

启动nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx

./sbin/nginx

nginx其它命令

./sbin/nginx -s reload
./sbin/nginx -s stop

启动python服务：

nohup python3 nginxUploadPassServer.py 1>nohup.out 2>&1 &

六、python程序测试上传

#! python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
###########################
#
# description: 执行上传
# author: LiFei  
# mail: hefrankeleyn@gmail.com
# date: 2023-08-19
#
###########################
import logging, os, requests
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s- %(name)s %(levelname)s- %(message)s")def uploadFile(upload_url, file_path, content_type):try:if not (os.path.exists(file_path) and os.path.isfile(file_path)):raise Exception("要上传的文件不存在：" + str(file_path))data = {"busType": "myPro"}fileName = os.path.split(file_path)[-1]files = {"file": (fileName, open(file_path, 'rb'), content_type)}response = requests.post(upload_url, files=files, data=data)return responseexcept Exception as e:logging.error(e)raise eif __name__=="__main__":upload_url = "http://myip:5312/upload"file_path = r"/Users/lifei/Documents/workspace/git_test_wp/myproject/wuyishan.jpg"content_type = "image/jpeg"response = uploadFile(upload_url, file_path, content_type)logging.info(response.json())

之后就可以访问到：

http://myip:8088/myPro/20230819/cad0d40e01e0930cad9030f8cc32f68b.jpg