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分析Elasticsearch Index文件是如何存储的？
主要是想看一下FST文件是以什么粒度创建的？
首先通过kibana找一个索引的shard，此处咱们就以logstash-2023.05.30索引为例
查看下shard分布情况
GET /_cat/shards/logstash-2023.05.30?vindex shard prirep state docs store ip node
logstash-2023.05.30 3 p STARTED 1520736 408.1mb 10.138.40.73 10.138.40.73-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 5 p STARTED 1520888 409.9mb 10.138.40.74 10.138.40.74-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 6 p STARTED 1518331 408.2mb 10.138.40.221 10.138.40.221-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 4 p STARTED 1518186 409.3mb 10.138.204.194 10.138.204.194-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 1 p STARTED 1519231 408.8mb 10.138.40.220 10.138.40.220-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 2 p STARTED 1519970 409.9mb 10.138.204.195 10.138.204.195-node1
logstash-2023.05.30 0 p STARTED 1520024 410.6mb 10.138.204.193 10.138.204.193-node1
这里以位于10.138.204.193上的shard 0为例分析。
要找到存储目录先要找到index的id
GET /logstash-2023.05.30/_settings{"logstash-2023.05.30" : {"settings" : {"index" : {"codec" : "best_compression","routing" : {"allocation" : {"include" : {"_tier_preference" : "data_content"}}},"refresh_interval" : "60s","number_of_shards" : "7","provided_name" : "logstash-2023.05.30","creation_date" : "1685376005206","number_of_replicas" : "0","uuid" : "FYWtFGTIS2CLB8yJhFXG9g",//这里就是索引的id"version" : {"created" : "7130499"}}}}
}登录机器，找到存储索引文件的对应目录
/data3/10.138.204.193-node1/nodes/0/indices/FYWtFGTIS2CLB8yJhFXG9g
展开一下该目录下的文件
root@prd-paas-es-01:/data3/10.138.204.193-node1/nodes/0/indices/FYWtFGTIS2CLB8yJhFXG9g# tree -C -s
.
├── [ 4096] 0
│ ├── [ 20480] index
│ │ ├── [ 158] _17f.fdm
│ │ ├── [ 25578562] _17f.fdt
│ │ ├── [ 1939] _17f.fdx
│ │ ├── [ 4636] _17f.fnm
│ │ ├── [ 7981735] _17f.kdd
│ │ ├── [ 20898] _17f.kdi
│ │ ├── [ 716] _17f.kdm
│ │ ├── [ 7945983] _17f_Lucene80_0.dvd
│ │ ├── [ 3916] _17f_Lucene80_0.dvm
│ │ ├── [ 6230127] _17f_Lucene84_0.doc
│ │ ├── [ 3875001] _17f_Lucene84_0.pos
│ │ ├── [ 7448815] _17f_Lucene84_0.tim
│ │ ├── [ 108786] _17f_Lucene84_0.tip
│ │ ├── [ 1637] _17f_Lucene84_0.tmd
│ │ ├── [ 593] _17f.si
│ │ ├── [ 158] _3uv.fdm
│ │ ├── [ 33652243] _3uv.fdt
│ │ ├── [ 2555] _3uv.fdx
│ │ ├── [ 4636] _3uv.fnm
│ │ ├── [ 10520395] _3uv.kdd
│ │ ├── [ 27689] _3uv.kdi
│ │ ├── [ 716] _3uv.kdm
│ │ ├── [ 10573208] _3uv_Lucene80_0.dvd
│ │ ├── [ 3916] _3uv_Lucene80_0.dvm
│ │ ├── [ 8298061] _3uv_Lucene84_0.doc
│ │ ├── [ 5154427] _3uv_Lucene84_0.pos
│ │ ├── [ 9716222] _3uv_Lucene84_0.tim
│ │ ├── [ 142063] _3uv_Lucene84_0.tip
│ │ ├── [ 1620] _3uv_Lucene84_0.tmd
│ │ ├── [ 593] _3uv.si
│ │ ├── [ 158] _5bg.fdm
│ │ ├── [ 16433011] _5bg.fdt
│ │ ├── [ 1259] _5bg.fdx
│ │ ├── [ 4636] _5bg.fnm
│ │ ├── [ 5158094] _5bg.kdd
│ │ ├── [ 13396] _5bg.kdi
│ │ ├── [ 716] _5bg.kdm
│ │ ├── [ 5140762] _5bg_Lucene80_0.dvd
│ │ ├── [ 3916] _5bg_Lucene80_0.dvm
│ │ ├── [ 4005897] _5bg_Lucene84_0.doc
│ │ ├── [ 2583880] _5bg_Lucene84_0.pos
│ │ ├── [ 4873082] _5bg_Lucene84_0.tim
│ │ ├── [ 70979] _5bg_Lucene84_0.tip
│ │ ├── [ 1593] _5bg_Lucene84_0.tmd
│ │ ├── [ 593] _5bg.si
│ │ ├── [ 158] _60h.fdm
│ │ ├── [ 24664753] _60h.fdt
│ │ ├── [ 1886] _60h.fdx
│ │ ├── [ 4636] _60h.fnm
│ │ ├── [ 7640438] _60h.kdd
│ │ ├── [ 19996] _60h.kdi
│ │ ├── [ 716] _60h.kdm
│ │ ├── [ 7754954] _60h_Lucene80_0.dvd
│ │ ├── [ 3916] _60h_Lucene80_0.dvm
│ │ ├── [ 6147241] _60h_Lucene84_0.doc
│ │ ├── [ 3998559] _60h_Lucene84_0.pos
│ │ ├── [ 7254035] _60h_Lucene84_0.tim
│ │ ├── [ 105673] _60h_Lucene84_0.tip
│ │ ├── [ 1719] _60h_Lucene84_0.tmd
│ │ ├── [ 593] _60h.si
│ │ ├── [ 200] _7jq.fdm
│ │ ├── [ 63208093] _7jq.fdt
│ │ ├── [ 4692] _7jq.fdx
│ │ ├── [ 4636] _7jq.fnm
│ │ ├── [ 19306117] _7jq.kdd
│ │ ├── [ 51562] _7jq.kdi
│ │ ├── [ 716] _7jq.kdm
│ │ ├── [ 20228561] _7jq_Lucene80_0.dvd
│ │ ├── [ 3916] _7jq_Lucene80_0.dvm
│ │ ├── [ 15606568] _7jq_Lucene84_0.doc
│ │ ├── [ 9581341] _7jq_Lucene84_0.pos
│ │ ├── [ 17383473] _7jq_Lucene84_0.tim
│ │ ├── [ 272615] _7jq_Lucene84_0.tip
│ │ ├── [ 1592] _7jq_Lucene84_0.tmd
│ │ ├── [ 593] _7jq.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _82w.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 4489379] _82w.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _82w.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _87w.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 4932636] _87w.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _87w.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8ao.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 13905317] _8ao.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8ao.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8ls.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 20181047] _8ls.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8ls.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8nq.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 1234712] _8nq.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8nq.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8oa.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 872798] _8oa.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8oa.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8pp.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 1593677] _8pp.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8pp.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8r5.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 914008] _8r5.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8r5.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8rf.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 940473] _8rf.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8rf.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8rz.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 1315312] _8rz.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8rz.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8s9.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 1121692] _8s9.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8s9.si
│ │ ├── [ 437] _8sk.cfe
│ │ ├── [ 243476] _8sk.cfs
│ │ ├── [ 408] _8sk.si
│ │ ├── [ 1678] segments_6
│ │ └── [ 0] write.lock
│ ├── [ 4096] _state
│ │ ├── [ 186] retention-leases-2865.st
│ │ └── [ 125] state-0.st
│ └── [ 4096] translog
│ ├── [ 55] translog-29.tlog
│ └── [ 88] translog.ckp
└── [ 4096] _state└── [ 1230] state-2.st5 directories, 118 files
有了文件信息，我们再来看下，segment信息
GET /logstash-2023.05.30/_segments// 这里为了直观 只展示shard 0对应的segment
{"_shards": {"total": 7,"successful": 7,"failed": 0},"indices": {"logstash-2023.05.30": {"shards": {"0": [{"routing": {"state": "STARTED","primary": true,"node": "4hEWcF8hRFWTEkQxlKQmqg"},"num_committed_segments": 17,"num_search_segments": 17,"segments": {"_17f": {"generation": 1563,"num_docs": 210331,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 59203502,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": false,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_3uv": {"generation": 4999,"num_docs": 278411,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 78098502,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": false,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_5bg": {"generation": 6892,"num_docs": 132645,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 38291972,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": false,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_60h": {"generation": 7793,"num_docs": 199809,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 57599273,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": false,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_7jq": {"generation": 9782,"num_docs": 520420,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 145654675,"memory_in_bytes": 5204,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": false,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_82w": {"generation": 10472,"num_docs": 15416,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 4490224,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_87w": {"generation": 10652,"num_docs": 16837,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 4933481,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8ao": {"generation": 10752,"num_docs": 48855,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 13906162,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8ls": {"generation": 11152,"num_docs": 70903,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 20181892,"memory_in_bytes": 5140,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8nq": {"generation": 11222,"num_docs": 3954,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 1235557,"memory_in_bytes": 6924,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8oa": {"generation": 11242,"num_docs": 2785,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 873643,"memory_in_bytes": 6820,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8pp": {"generation": 11293,"num_docs": 5194,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 1594522,"memory_in_bytes": 7060,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8r5": {"generation": 11345,"num_docs": 2936,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 914853,"memory_in_bytes": 6748,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8rf": {"generation": 11355,"num_docs": 2920,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 941318,"memory_in_bytes": 6836,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8rz": {"generation": 11375,"num_docs": 4304,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 1316157,"memory_in_bytes": 6820,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8s9": {"generation": 11385,"num_docs": 3647,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 1122537,"memory_in_bytes": 6892,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}},"_8sk": {"generation": 11396,"num_docs": 657,"deleted_docs": 0,"size_in_bytes": 244321,"memory_in_bytes": 7620,"committed": true,"search": true,"version": "8.8.2","compound": true,"attributes": {"Lucene87StoredFieldsFormat.mode": "BEST_COMPRESSION"}}}}]}}}
}对比segment与shard目录中文件可以看出，两者是一一对应的。
看下es及对应lucene的版本
GET /{"name" : "10.138.204.193-node1","cluster_name" : "elasticsearch","cluster_uuid" : "XWDyVuo6TgK4yUp2XWD3lw","version" : {"number" : "7.13.4","build_flavor" : "default","build_type" : "docker","build_hash" : "c5f60e894ca0c61cdbae4f5a686d9f08bcefc942","build_date" : "2021-07-14T18:33:36.673943207Z","build_snapshot" : false,"lucene_version" : "8.8.2","minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0","minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"},"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}那么shard目录中各种后缀的文件具体是什么含义呢？下面来看下
截图出处:
https://lucene.apache.org/core/8_8_2/core/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene87/package-summary.html#package.description
从表格中可以看出与FST相关的文件后缀有:tip、tim,从这里就可以看出FST文件是以segment维度来创建的。