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Docker Swarm介…为什么不建议在生产环境中使用Docker Compose
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Docker Swarm介绍
Docker Swarm是Docker官方推出的容器集群管理工具基于Go语言实现。使用它可以将多个Docker主机封装为单个大型的虚拟Docker主机快速打造一套容器云平台。
Docker Swarm是生产环境中运行Docker应用程序最简单的方法。作为容器集群管理器Swarm最大的优势之一就是100%支持标准的Docker API。各种基于标准API的工具比如Compose、docker-py、各种管理软件甚至 Docker本身等都可以很容易的与Swarm进行集成。大大方便了用户将原先基于单节点的系统移植到Swarm上同时Swarm内置了对 Docker网络插件的支持用户可以很容易地部署跨主机的容器集群服务。
Docker Swarm和Docker Compose一样都是Docker官方容器编排工具但不同的是Docker Compose是一个在单个服务器或主机上创建多个容器的工具而Docker Swarm则可以在多个服务器或主机上创建容器集群服务对于微服务的部署显然Docker Swarm会更加适合。 Swarm的基本架构 Swarm单节点快速上手
激活Docker Swarm
docker info这个命令可以查看我们的docker engine有没有激活swarm模式 默认是没有的我们会看到
$ docker info | grep SwarmSwarm: inactive激活swarm有两个方法
初始化一个swarm集群自己成为manager加入一个已经存在的swarm集群
初始化一个swarm集群自己成为manager
$ docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.0.13
Swarm initialized: current node (1iohpmz3jxqecpeixv77bkz6k) is now a manager.To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-45kligs4iwu0sqdy2xxvf4mrauggwc5hlmo7sj9u5ve5cjtek4-54bo11h1uwa6yfva1jf9g2blb 192.168.0.13:2377To add a manager to this swarm, run docker swarm join-token manager and follow the instructions.加入一个已经存在的swarm集群
$ docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-45kligs4iwu0sqdy2xxvf4mrauggwc5hlmo7sj9u5ve5cjtek4-54bo11h1uwa6yfva1jf9g2blb 192.168.0.13:2377查看swarm集群中的机器节点
$ docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
xk8ryecmxfqu65zvsgk41h8cd * node1 Ready Active Leader 24.0.2再次使用docker info这个命令可以看到我们的docker engine已经激活swarm模式
$ docker info | grep SwarmSwarm: activedocker swarm init 背后发生了什么
主要是PKI和安全相关的自动化
创建swarm集群的根证书manager节点的证书其它节点加入集群需要的tokens创建Raft数据库用于存储证书配置密码等数据
RAFT相关资料
http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/https://raft.github.io/https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/raft/
Swarm三节点集群搭建
创建3节点swarm cluster的方法
https://labs.play-with-docker.com/网站优点是快速方便缺点是环境不持久4个小时后环境会被重置在本地通过虚拟化软件搭建Linux虚拟机优点是稳定方便缺点是占用系统资源需要电脑内存最好8G及其以上在云上使用云主机 亚马逊Google微软Azure阿里云腾讯云等缺点是需要消耗金钱但是有些云服务有免费试用
多节点的环境涉及到机器之间的通信需求所以防火墙和网络安全策略组是大家一定要考虑的问题特别是在云上使用云主机的情况下面这些端口记得打开防火墙以及设置安全策略组
Port 2377 TCP for communication with and between manager nodesPort 7946 TCP/UDP for overlay network node discoveryPort 4789 UDP (configurable) for overlay network traffic
为了简化以上所有端口都允许节点之间自由访问就行。
添加2个节点到Swarm
主机规划
192.168.0.13manager192.168.0.12worker192.168.0.11worker
添加192.168.0.12到Swarm
$ docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-45kligs4iwu0sqdy2xxvf4mrauggwc5hlmo7sj9u5ve5cjtek4-54bo11h1uwa6yfva1jf9g2blb 192.168.0.13:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.添加192.168.0.11到Swarm
$ docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-45kligs4iwu0sqdy2xxvf4mrauggwc5hlmo7sj9u5ve5cjtek4-54bo11h1uwa6yfva1jf9g2blb 192.168.0.13:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.查看Swarm中的节点
$ docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
1iohpmz3jxqecpeixv77bkz6k * node1 Ready Active Leader 24.0.2
k7sl3sg1x193nalsdjs6dw20w node2 Ready Active 24.0.2
aitp94gxkvg997b5qev271v2y node3 Ready Active 24.0.2ID后面的*表示的是当前节点docker node ls需要在manager节点执行。
发布一个service到swarm
可以使用docker service create来创建一个service
$ docker service create --replicas 1 --name helloworld alpine ping docker.com
dq7ch2rdyijjvuh03k6sorw3q
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks
1/1: running []
verify: Service converged可以使用docker service ls查看启动了哪些服务
$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
dq7ch2rdyijj helloworld replicated 1/1 alpine:latest查看service详情
可以使用docker service inspect来查看service的详情
$ docker service inspect helloworld
[{ID: dq7ch2rdyijjvuh03k6sorw3q,Version: {Index: 21},CreatedAt: 2023-10-12T02:28:33.280090826Z,UpdatedAt: 2023-10-12T02:28:33.280090826Z,Spec: {Name: helloworld,Labels: {},TaskTemplate: {ContainerSpec: {Image: alpine:latestsha256:eece025e432126ce23f223450a0326fbebde39cdf496a85d8c016293fc851978,Args: [ping,docker.com],Init: false,StopGracePeriod: 10000000000,DNSConfig: {},Isolation: default},Resources: {Limits: {},Reservations: {}},RestartPolicy: {Condition: any,Delay: 5000000000,MaxAttempts: 0},Placement: {Platforms: [{Architecture: amd64,OS: linux},{OS: linux},{OS: linux},{Architecture: arm64,OS: linux},{Architecture: 386,OS: linux},{Architecture: ppc64le,OS: linux},{Architecture: s390x,OS: linux}]},ForceUpdate: 0,Runtime: container},Mode: {Replicated: {Replicas: 1}},UpdateConfig: {Parallelism: 1,FailureAction: pause,Monitor: 5000000000,MaxFailureRatio: 0,Order: stop-first},RollbackConfig: {Parallelism: 1,FailureAction: pause,Monitor: 5000000000,MaxFailureRatio: 0,Order: stop-first},EndpointSpec: {Mode: vip}},Endpoint: {Spec: {}}}
]可以加上--pretty参数输出可读性更好的内容格式
$ docker service inspect --pretty helloworldID: dq7ch2rdyijjvuh03k6sorw3q
Name: helloworld
Service Mode: ReplicatedReplicas: 1
Placement:
UpdateConfig:Parallelism: 1On failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Update order: stop-first
RollbackConfig:Parallelism: 1On failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Rollback order: stop-first
ContainerSpec:Image: alpine:latestsha256:eece025e432126ce23f223450a0326fbebde39cdf496a85d8c016293fc851978Args: ping docker.comInit: false
Resources:
Endpoint Mode: vip可以使用docker service ps查看service运行在哪些node上
$ docker service ps helloworld
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
8xi2hbecua0s helloworld.1 alpine:latest node2 Running Running 7 minutes ago也可以使用docker ps在node2上查看启动了哪些容器
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9acee1709671 alpine:latest ping docker.com 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes helloworld.1.8xi2hbecua0s278o91jmod8li对service进行扩容和缩容
可以使用docker service scale对服务进行扩容和缩容任务数量比原来的多就是扩容任务数量比原来的少就是缩容
$ docker service scale helloworld5
helloworld scaled to 5
overall progress: 5 out of 5 tasks
1/5: running []
2/5: running []
3/5: running []
4/5: running []
5/5: running []
verify: Service converged$ docker service ps helloworld
ID NAME IMAGE service NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
8xi2hbecua0s helloworld.1 alpine:latest node2 Running Running 31 minutes ago
72s13jwy17fh helloworld.2 alpine:latest node1 Running Running 21 seconds ago
l7js9yqaoela helloworld.3 alpine:latest node3 Running Running 21 seconds ago
kyj28313lqng helloworld.4 alpine:latest node3 Running Running 21 seconds ago
pzbgzk1hrihp helloworld.5 alpine:latest node2 Running Running 22 seconds ago删除一个service
可以使用docker service rm来删除一个service
$ docker service rm helloworld
helloworld$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS滚动更新service
$ docker service create --replicas 3 --name redis --update-delay 10s redis:3.0.6
p7x6a22i3pagnpvt9pyrzack8
overall progress: 3 out of 3 tasks
1/3: running []
2/3: running []
3/3: running []
verify: Service converged
[node1] (local) root192.168.0.13 ~
$ docker service ps redis
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
tynsv7a56x1t redis.1 redis:3.0.6 node1 Running Running 23 seconds ago
55c4yfweaja7 redis.2 redis:3.0.6 node2 Running Running 22 seconds ago
r3hcrtgxlehp redis.3 redis:3.0.6 node3 Running Running 23 seconds ago
[node1] (local) root192.168.0.13 ~
$
[node1] (local) root192.168.0.13 ~
$ docker service inspect --pretty redisID: p7x6a22i3pagnpvt9pyrzack8
Name: redis
Service Mode: ReplicatedReplicas: 3
Placement:
UpdateConfig:Parallelism: 1Delay: 10sOn failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Update order: stop-first
RollbackConfig:Parallelism: 1On failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Rollback order: stop-first
ContainerSpec:Image: redis:3.0.6sha256:6a692a76c2081888b589e26e6ec835743119fe453d67ecf03df7de5b73d69842Init: false
Resources:
Endpoint Mode: vip将redis:3.0.6滚动升级为redis:3.0.7
$ docker service update --image redis:3.0.7 redis
redis
overall progress: 3 out of 3 tasks
1/3: running []
2/3: running []
3/3: running []
verify: Service converged
[node1] (local) root192.168.0.13 ~
$ docker service inspect --pretty redisID: p7x6a22i3pagnpvt9pyrzack8
Name: redis
Service Mode: ReplicatedReplicas: 3
UpdateStatus:State: completedStarted: About a minute agoCompleted: 22 seconds agoMessage: update completed
Placement:
UpdateConfig:Parallelism: 1Delay: 10sOn failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Update order: stop-first
RollbackConfig:Parallelism: 1On failure: pauseMonitoring Period: 5sMax failure ratio: 0Rollback order: stop-first
ContainerSpec:Image: redis:3.0.7sha256:730b765df9fe96af414da64a2b67f3a5f70b8fd13a31e5096fee4807ed802e20Init: false
Resources:
Endpoint Mode: vip[node1] (local) root192.168.0.13 ~
$ docker service ps redis
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
sard15sxoo3b redis.1 redis:3.0.7 node1 Running Running about a minute ago
tynsv7a56x1t \_ redis.1 redis:3.0.6 node1 Shutdown Shutdown about a minute ago
xzkhsd9nuqxj redis.2 redis:3.0.7 node2 Running Running 53 seconds ago
55c4yfweaja7 \_ redis.2 redis:3.0.6 node2 Shutdown Shutdown 58 seconds ago
jkadyq5a9ekq redis.3 redis:3.0.7 node3 Running Running about a minute ago
r3hcrtgxlehp \_ redis.3 redis:3.0.6 node3 Shutdown Shutdown about a minute ago移除一个节点
现在的节点情况
$ docker service ps redis
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
sard15sxoo3b redis.1 redis:3.0.7 node1 Running Running 4 minutes ago
xzkhsd9nuqxj redis.2 redis:3.0.7 node2 Running Running 3 minutes ago
jkadyq5a9ekq redis.3 redis:3.0.7 node3 Running Running 4 minutes ago$ docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
bbg9dqcotcgfe2ikgyjgc7nge * node1 Ready Active Leader 24.0.2
7kj69w9cdpyawh54fumibuu0u node2 Ready Active 24.0.2
x8x5ox0e6pfx4jg311m564a45 node3 Ready Active 24.0.2可以使用docker node update --availability drain来将一个节点排除
$ docker node update --availability drain node2
node2可以使用docker node inspect来查看节点的详情
$ docker node inspect --pretty node2
ID: 7kj69w9cdpyawh54fumibuu0u
Hostname: node2
Joined at: 2023-10-12 03:40:28.774753447 0000 utc
Status:State: ReadyAvailability: Drain
。。。Availability已经变为Drain。
再来看看redis的实例少了没
$ docker service ps redis
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
sard15sxoo3b redis.1 redis:3.0.7 node1 Running Running 5 minutes ago
mxukqpq3xb5h redis.2 redis:3.0.7 node1 Running Running 53 seconds ago
xzkhsd9nuqxj \_ redis.2 redis:3.0.7 node2 Shutdown Shutdown 54 seconds ago
jkadyq5a9ekq redis.3 redis:3.0.7 node3 Running Running 5 minutes ago发现原来部署在node2上的redis容器停止了自动在node1上启动了一个新的redis容器。
可以使用docker node update --availability active命令将node2重新激活
$ docker node update --availability active node2
node2$ docker node inspect --pretty node2
ID: 7kj69w9cdpyawh54fumibuu0u
Hostname: node2
Joined at: 2023-10-12 03:40:28.774753447 0000 utc
Status:State: ReadyAvailability: ActiveAddress: 192.168.0.12
。。。。。。
