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声明#xff1a;知识学习中本文主体按照浙江大学陈华钧教授的《知识图谱》公开课讲义进行介绍#xff0c;并个别地方加入了自己的注释和思考#xff0c;希望大家尊重陈华钧教授的知识产权#xff0c;在使用时加上出处。感谢陈华钧教授。
#xff08;一知识学习中本文主体按照浙江大学陈华钧教授的《知识图谱》公开课讲义进行介绍并个别地方加入了自己的注释和思考希望大家尊重陈华钧教授的知识产权在使用时加上出处。感谢陈华钧教授。
一B站 《浙大知识图谱完整版》——5
学识时间2023年5月16日15:32:30
5、知识图谱推理 5.1什么是推理 5.1.1 Deductive Reasoning——演绎推理
Top-down logic
1Modus ponens肯定前件假言推理 mode that affirms by affirming通过确认来确认的模式
推理举例P一 Q (conditional statement环境设定)If today is Tuesday, then John will go to workP (hypothesis stated假设设定)Today is TuesdayQconclusion deduced结论推理Therefore, John will go to work
2Modus tollens否定后件假言推理 mode that denies by denying通过否定来否定的模式
推理举例P一 QIf it is raining, then there are clouds in the skyQThere are no clouds in the sky.Therefor we can conclude that PThus, it is not raining.
3Law of syllogism三段论
推理举例P一 QIf Larry is sick, then he will be absent.Q一RIf Larry is absent, then he will miss his classwork.Therefor , P一RTherefore, if Larry is sick, then he will miss his classwork
5.1.2 Inductive Reasoning——归纳推理
Bottom-up logic The derivation of general principles from specific observations, for example, if all swans that we have observed so far are white, we may induce that the possibility that all swans are white is reasonable. 将来自特定观测值当做广泛的通用原则,例如,如果到目前为止我们观测到的所有的天鹅都是白色的,我们很可能得出这种结论即所有的天鹅都是白色是合理的。
1Inductive Generalization归纳概括 The proportion Q of the sample has attribute A. Therefore: The proportion Q of the population has attribute A. 如果样本的比例Q具有属性A那么所有的比例Q都具有属性A There are 20 balls—either black or white—in an urn. To estimate their respective numbers,you draw a sample of four balls and find that three are black and one is white. A good inductive generalization would be that there are 15 black and five white balls in the urn。 一个盒子里有20个球非黑即白。为了估计他们各自的数目你做了一个4个球的取样发现有3个黑的一个白的。那么比较好的归纳概括结果是在盒子里共有15个黑的和5个白的球。 2Statistical syllogism统计三段论 A proportion Q of population P has attribute A. An individual X is a member of P. Therefore: There is a probability which corresponds to Q that X has A.
如果所有的P的比例Q有属性A且独立样本X是P的成员那么很可能X也有A属性。 90% of graduates from Excelsior Preparatory school go on to University.Bob is a graduate of Excelsior Preparatory school.Bob will go on to University. 从卓越预科学校毕业的学生有90%的人接着上了大学。Bob是从卓越预科学校毕业的。bob也将继续上大学。 5.1.3 Abductive Reasoning——溯因推理
Inference to the best explanation最佳解释推理 a form of logical inference which starts with an observation or set of observations then seeks to find the simplest and most likely explanation for the observations。 逻辑推理的一种形式此方法从一个或一组观察结果开始然后试图找到对此观测结果最简单、最可能的解释。 For E to be an explanation of O (Observation) according to T (Theory), it should satisfy two conditionsO follows from E and T;E is consistent with T. 对于E是根据理论T得出的针对观察O的一个解释这需要满足两个条件一个是观测O是跟随解释E和理论T产生的另一个是解释E是与理论T一致的。
5.2 知识图谱推理简介
5.3基于符号逻辑的知识图谱推理
5.3.1 基于Ontology的推理 5.3.2 规则的推理
5.4基于表示学习的知识图谱推理
5.4.1基于嵌入学习的知识图谱推理 5.4.2基于规则学习的知识图谱推理 5.4.3Ontology Embedding—本体概念层推理 ★☆●◆□◇▲△■
6、知识图谱融合
6.1知识图谱融合概述
6.2概念层融合——本体匹配
6.3实例层的融合——实体对齐
6.4知识融合技术前沿
7、知识图谱问答
7.1 智能问答系统概述
7.2基于查询模版的知识图谱问答
7.3基于语义解析的知识图谱问答
7.4基于检索排序的知识图谱问答
7.5基于深度学习的知识图谱问答
8、图算法与图数据分析
8.1图的基本知识
8.2基础图算法
8.3图神经网络与图表示学习
8.4图神经网络与知识图谱
9、知识图谱技术发展
9.1 多模态知识图谱
9.2 知识图谱与语言预训练
9.3 事理知识图谱
