大专学网站开发,深圳市 交易建设中心网站,wordpress 老板页,下载专门做初中数学题的网站shell脚本常用基础命令2 shell脚本常用基础命令 shell脚本常用基础命令2一、grep用法二、sed用法2.1p参数 #xff08;显示#xff09;n参数#xff08;只显示处理过的行#xff09; 文本处理三剑客#xff1a;grep sed awk
一、grep用法
grep -E egrep (扩展搜索正文表…shell脚本常用基础命令2 shell脚本常用基础命令 shell脚本常用基础命令2一、grep用法二、sed用法2.1p参数 显示n参数只显示处理过的行 文本处理三剑客grep sed awk
一、grep用法
grep -E egrep (扩展搜索正文表达式) grep格式 grep 匹配条件 处理文件(很多正文表达式用不了) |表示或者
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep bash|root passwd
[rootdocker3 mnt]# egrep bash|root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E bash|root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -e bash -e root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bashgrep开启的是贪婪模式要是不匹配前面的,不匹配后面
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
chroot
rootch[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E \root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
rootch
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E \root\ passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:root:test
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingrep 前面加数字,表示该关键字前面后面几行都显示出来
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep chroot passwd
chroot
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -2 chroot passwd
test:root:test
TEST:ROOT:TEST
chroot
rootch
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -A2 chroot passwd
chroot
rootch
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -B2 chroot passwd
test:root:test
TEST:ROOT:TEST
chroot显示匹配的在第几行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -n chroot passwd
12:chroot反向过滤除了chroot其它行都过滤出来展示部分。
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -v chroot passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash以^…开头…以…结尾
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E ^root passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
rootch
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E bash$ passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E ws yan
ws
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.s yan
was
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w...s yan
waaas
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.*s yan
ws
was
waaas
waaaas
waaaaas
wabababs
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.?s yan
ws
was
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.s yan
was
waaas
waaaas
waaaaas
wabababs
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.{3}s yan
waaas
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.{2,3}s yan
waaas
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.{,3}s yan
ws
was
waaas
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w.{3,}s yan
waaas
waaaas
waaaaas
wabababs
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E wab{1,}s yan
[rootdocker3 mnt]# grep -E w(ab){1,}s yan
wabababs脚本 请显示系统中能被su命令切换的用户名称
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sh user_check.sh
root
yan二、sed用法
用来对文本的内容进行处理,修改的是模式空间内存真实的磁盘中 sed 参数 命令 处理对象 sed 参数 处理对象 -f 处理规则文件
对字符的处理 p 显示 d 删除 a 添加 n 取消默认输出sed默认会输出所有文本内容使用-n参数后只显示处理过的行 i 插入直接修改文件内容 c 替换 w 写入 r 整合文件
2.1p参数 显示n参数只显示处理过的行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n 5p passwd
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[rootdocker3 mnt]# vim rule
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat rule
5p
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n -f rule passwd
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 5p fstab
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n 5p fstab
#5[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n 3,5p fstab
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n 3p;5p fstab
# /etc/fstab3
#5#开头的行以及不是#开头的行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n /^#/p fstab
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n /^#/!p fstab
1
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011^$空行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n /^#/!p fstab | sed -n /^$/!p
1
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011最后一行$p
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n $p fstab
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n 5,$p fstab
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011显示行号‘’, $最后一行的行号可以统计文件有多少行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n $ fstab
11[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n -e 3p -e 5p fstab
# /etc/fstab3
#5d参数删除
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 5d fstab
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 3,5d fstab
1
#2
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 3d;5d fstab
1
#2
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /^#/d fstab
1
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011a参数添加
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /^#/ahello fstab
1
#2
hello
# /etc/fstab3
hello
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
hello
#5
hello
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
hello
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
hello
#8
hello
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011最后一行后面添加
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed $ahello fstab
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011
hello[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed $ahello\nyan fstab
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011
hello
yani参数插入 i是在最后一行前面a是添加到最后一行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed $ihello\nyan fstab
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
hello
yan
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 1ihello\nyan fstab
hello
yan
1
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011c参数替换
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /^#/chello fstab
1
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 09
UUIDcf9ffcaf-d595-4545-9fd9-3573d573976e /boot xfs defaults 0 010
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 011w参数写入
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /^#/w file fstab
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat file\
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8
就是
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed -n /^#/p fstab file
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat file
#2
# /etc/fstab3
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 28 10:44:35 2021 4
#5
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk6
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info7
#8r
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat yan
1
2
3
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat yan1
4
5
6
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat yan yan1
1
2
3
4
5
6
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat yan yan1 file倒叙
[rootdocker3 mnt]# tac yan
3
2
1
[rootdocker3 mnt]# tac yan yan1
3
2
1
6
5
4
[rootdocker3 mnt]# tac yan1 yan
6
5
4
3
2
1cat tac无法把文件yan1整合到数字1后面可以正序也可以倒序 1r第一行后面
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 1ryan1 yan
1
4
5
6
2
3整合到某关键字后面
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /2/ryan1 yan
1
2
4
5
6
3更改到原文件
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /2/ryan1 -i yan
[rootdocker3 mnt]# cat yan
1
2
4
5
6
3脚本 Apache_port.sh 此脚本接入数字 http的端口就改为此数字 假设selinux为关闭状态
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sh Apacha_port.sh
Error: Please input port number following script!!!
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sh Apacha_port.sh 80
Error:Apache is not installed!!双引号不能被引用变量单引号会注释变量所以Listen注意是要双引号
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sh Apacha_port.sh 8080
[rootdocker3 mnt]# netstat -antlp | grep 8080
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 4140/httpd [rootdocker3 mnt]# sh Apacha_port.sh 80
[rootdocker3 mnt]# netstat -antlp | grep 80
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 4172/httpd sed字符替换 s是全文的行g全文的列 部分展示 /表示分割符
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed s/sbin/hello/g passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/hello/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/hello:/hello/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/hello/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/hello/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/hello:/bin/sync
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/hello/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/hello/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/hello/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/hello/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed s/:/ /g passwd
root x 0 0 root /root /bin/bash
bin x 1 1 bin /bin /sbin/nologin
daemon x 2 2 daemon /sbin /sbin/nologin
adm x 3 4 adm /var/adm /sbin/nologin
lp x 4 7 lp /var/spool/lpd /sbin/nologin
sync x 5 0 sync /sbin /bin/sync
shutdown x 6 0 shutdown /sbin /sbin/shutdown
halt x 7 0 halt /sbin /sbin/halt
mail x 8 12 mail /var/spool/mail /sbin/nologin
operator x 11 0 operator /root /sbin/nologin
games x 12 100 games /usr/games /sbin/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed s/:/ / passwd
root x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed 1,5s/:/ / passwd
root x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed /lp/,/halt/s/:/ /g passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp x 4 7 lp /var/spool/lpd /sbin/nologin
sync x 5 0 sync /sbin /bin/sync
shutdown x 6 0 shutdown /sbin /sbin/shutdown
halt x 7 0 halt /sbin /sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin最后一行
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed $s/:/ /g passwd
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
yan:x:1000:1000::/home/yan:/bin/bash
apache x 48 48 Apache /usr/share/httpd /sbin/nologin[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed $s/:/ /g;s/sbin/hello/g passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/hello/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/hello:/hello/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/hello/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/hello/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/hello:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/hello:/hello/shutdown替换//需要转义因为它是分割符
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed s/:/ /g;s/\//##/g passwd
root x 0 0 root ##root ##bin##bash
bin x 1 1 bin ##bin ##sbin##nologin
daemon x 2 2 daemon ##sbin ##sbin##nologin
adm x 3 4 adm ##var##adm ##sbin##nologin/表示分割符可以换成
[rootdocker3 mnt]# sed s: g;s/##g passwd
root x 0 0 root ##root ##bin##bash
bin x 1 1 bin ##bin ##sbin##nologin
daemon x 2 2 daemon ##sbin ##sbin##nologin
adm x 3 4 adm ##var##adm ##sbin##nologinEND
