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Dockerfile是用来构建镜像的#xff0c;他实际上就是把在linux下的命令操作写到了Dockerfile中#xff0c;通过Dockerfile去执行设置好的操作命令#xff0c;保证通过Dockerfile的构建镜像是一致的。
实战分析
该例子来自于 chromium 项目 主要干的事情#xf…写在前面
Dockerfile是用来构建镜像的他实际上就是把在linux下的命令操作写到了Dockerfile中通过Dockerfile去执行设置好的操作命令保证通过Dockerfile的构建镜像是一致的。
实战分析
该例子来自于 chromium 项目 主要干的事情
来指定用哪个镜像安装一些编译需要的环境C编译环境Java环境等
# This Dockerfile specifies the recipe for creating an image for the tests
# to run in.
#
# We install as many test dependencies here as we can, because these setup
# steps can be cached. They do *not* run every time we run the build.
# The Docker image is only rebuilt when the Dockerfile (ie. this file)
# changes.# 指定了使用什么镜像 debian
# Base Dockerfile for gRPC dev images
FROM debian:latest# 添加软件源
# Apt source for old Python versions.
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fkrull/deadsnakes/ubuntu trusty main /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deadsnakes.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys DB82666C# Apt source for Oracle Java.
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-java-trusty.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys EEA14886 \echo oracle-java7-installer shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | debconf-set-selections# Apt source for Mono
RUN echo deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list \echo deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy-libjpeg62-compat main | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF# Apt source for php
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu trusty main | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/various-php.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F4FCBB07# Install dotnet SDK based on https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#debian
# (Ubuntu instructions need apt to support https)
RUN apt-get update apt-get install -y --force-yes curl libunwind8 gettext \curl -sSL -o dotnet.tar.gz https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID847105 \mkdir -p /opt/dotnet tar zxf dotnet.tar.gz -C /opt/dotnet \ln -s /opt/dotnet/dotnet /usr/local/bin# Install dependencies. We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
# and the C build
RUN apt-get clean apt-get update apt-get install -y --force-yes \autoconf \autotools-dev \build-essential \bzip2 \ccache \curl \gcc \git \libc6 \libc6-dbg \libc6-dev \libgtest-dev \libtool \make \parallel \time \wget \# -- For csharp --mono-devel \referenceassemblies-pcl \nunit \# -- For all Java builds -- \maven \# -- For java_jdk6 -- \# oops! not in jessie. too old? openjdk-6-jdk \# -- For java_jdk7 -- \openjdk-7-jdk \# -- For java_oracle7 -- \oracle-java7-installer \# -- For python / python_cpp -- \python-setuptools \python-pip \python-dev \python2.6-dev \python3.3-dev \python3.4-dev \# -- For Ruby --ruby \# -- For C benchmarks --cmake \# -- For PHP --php5.6 \php5.6-dev \php5.6-xml \php7.0 \php7.0-dev \php7.0-xml \phpunit \valgrind \libxml2-dev \ apt-get clean##################
# C# dependenciesRUN wget www.nuget.org/NuGet.exe -O /usr/local/bin/nuget.exe##################
# Python dependencies# These packages exist in apt-get, but their versions are too old, so we have
# to get updates from pip.RUN pip install pip --upgrade
RUN pip install virtualenv tox yattag##################
# Ruby dependencies# Install rvm
RUN gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
RUN \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable# Install Ruby 2.1, Ruby 2.2 and JRuby 1.7
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install ruby-2.1
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install ruby-2.2
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install jruby-1.7
RUN /bin/bash -l -c echo gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc ~/.gemrc
RUN /bin/bash -l -c echo export PATH/usr/local/rvm/bin:$PATH ~/.bashrc
RUN /bin/bash -l -c gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdoc##################
# Java dependencies# This step requires compiling protoc. :(ENV MAVEN_REPO /var/maven_local_repository
ENV MVN mvn --batch-modeRUN cd /tmp \git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf.git \cd protobuf \git reset --hard 129a6e2aca95dcfb6c3e717d7b9cca1f104fde39 \./autogen.sh \./configure \make -j4 \cd java \$MVN install dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.repo.local$MAVEN_REPO \cd ../javanano \$MVN install dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.repo.local$MAVEN_REPO##################
# PHP dependencies.
RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.5.38.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
RUN mv mirror php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
RUN tar -xvf php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
RUN cd php-5.5.38 ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix/usr/local/php-5.5-zts \make make install cd ..
RUN cd php-5.5.38 make clean ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix/usr/local/php-5.5 \make make install cd ..RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.6.30.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
RUN mv mirror php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
RUN tar -xvf php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
RUN cd php-5.6.30 ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix/usr/local/php-5.6-zts \make make install cd ..
RUN cd php-5.6.30 make clean ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix/usr/local/php-5.6 \make make install cd ..RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.0.18.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
RUN mv mirror php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
RUN tar -xvf php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
RUN cd php-7.0.18 ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix/usr/local/php-7.0-zts \make make install cd ..
RUN cd php-7.0.18 make clean ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix/usr/local/php-7.0 \make make install cd ..RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.1.4.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
RUN mv mirror php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
RUN tar -xvf php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
RUN cd php-7.1.4 ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix/usr/local/php-7.1-zts \make make install cd ..
RUN cd php-7.1.4 make clean ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix/usr/local/php-7.1 \make make install cd ..RUN php -r copy(https://getcomposer.org/installer, composer-setup.php);
RUN php composer-setup.php
RUN mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
RUN php -r unlink(composer-setup.php);
RUN composer config -g -- disable-tls true
RUN composer config -g -- secure-http false
RUN cd /tmp \rm -rf protobuf \git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf.git \cd protobuf \git reset --hard 49b44bff2b6257a119f9c6a342d6151c736586b8 \cd php \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php /usr/bin/php \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize \composer install \mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.5 \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php /usr/bin/php \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize \composer install \mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.6 \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php /usr/bin/php \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize \composer install \mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.0 \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php /usr/bin/php \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config \ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize \composer install \mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.1##################
# Go dependencies.
RUN apt-get install -y \# -- For go -- \golang##################
# Javascript dependencies.
RUN apt-get install -y \# -- For javascript -- \npm##################
# Python 3.5 3.6 dependencies.
RUN apt-get clean apt-get update apt-get install -y --force-yes \python3.5-dev \python3.6-dev \ apt-get clean# On Debian/Ubuntu, nodejs binary is named nodejs because the name node
# is taken by another legacy binary. We dont have that legacy binary and
# npm expects the binary to be named node, so we just create a symbol
# link here.
RUN ln -s which nodejs /usr/bin/node##################
# Prepare ccacheRUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g
RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/cc
RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/c
RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang
RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang# Define the default command.
CMD [bash]
常见命令解释
FROM 指定镜像源
FROM ubuntu# Base Dockerfile for gRPC dev images
FROM debian:latest网站http://hub.docker.com FROM命令是用来指定你需要用哪个镜像作为基础镜像进行构建一般来说Dockerfile的第一行都会先指定一个镜像官方仓库中有很多镜像可以通过http://hub.docker.com进行搜索建议尽量使用官方镜像作为基础镜像因为官方镜像都是精简过的稳定版。
RUN 执行linux命令
比如我们需要安装vim 写法1
RUN apt-get update -y
RUN apt-get install -y vimRUN是用来执行linux命令的指令例如ubuntu系统下需要更新软件包list就需要执行apt-get update之后会跟着执行apt-get install 写法2
RUN apt-get update -y \ apt-get install -y vim参考例子
# Apt source for old Python versions.
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fkrull/deadsnakes/ubuntu trusty main /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deadsnakes.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys DB82666C# Apt source for Oracle Java.
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-java-trusty.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys EEA14886 \echo oracle-java7-installer shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | debconf-set-selections# Apt source for Mono
RUN echo deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list \echo deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy-libjpeg62-compat main | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF# Apt source for php
RUN echo deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu trusty main | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/various-php.list \apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F4FCBB07# Install dotnet SDK based on https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#debian
# (Ubuntu instructions need apt to support https)
RUN apt-get update apt-get install -y --force-yes curl libunwind8 gettext \curl -sSL -o dotnet.tar.gz https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID847105 \mkdir -p /opt/dotnet tar zxf dotnet.tar.gz -C /opt/dotnet \ln -s /opt/dotnet/dotnet /usr/local/bin# Install dependencies. We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
# and the C build
RUN apt-get clean apt-get update apt-get install -y --force-yes \autoconf \autotools-dev \build-essential \bzip2 \ccache \curl \gcc \git \libc6 \libc6-dbg \libc6-dev \libgtest-dev \libtool \make \parallel \time \wget \# -- For csharp --mono-devel \referenceassemblies-pcl \nunit \# -- For all Java builds -- \maven \# -- For java_jdk6 -- \# oops! not in jessie. too old? openjdk-6-jdk \# -- For java_jdk7 -- \openjdk-7-jdk \# -- For java_oracle7 -- \oracle-java7-installer \# -- For python / python_cpp -- \python-setuptools \python-pip \python-dev \python2.6-dev \python3.3-dev \python3.4-dev \# -- For Ruby --ruby \# -- For C benchmarks --cmake \# -- For PHP --php5.6 \php5.6-dev \php5.6-xml \php7.0 \php7.0-dev \php7.0-xml \phpunit \valgrind \libxml2-dev \ apt-get clean##################
# C# dependenciesRUN wget www.nuget.org/NuGet.exe -O /usr/local/bin/nuget.exe##################
# Python dependencies# These packages exist in apt-get, but their versions are too old, so we have
# to get updates from pip.RUN pip install pip --upgrade
RUN pip install virtualenv tox yattag##################
# Ruby dependencies# Install rvm
RUN gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
RUN \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable# Install Ruby 2.1, Ruby 2.2 and JRuby 1.7
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install ruby-2.1
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install ruby-2.2
RUN /bin/bash -l -c rvm install jruby-1.7
RUN /bin/bash -l -c echo gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc ~/.gemrc
RUN /bin/bash -l -c echo export PATH/usr/local/rvm/bin:$PATH ~/.bashrc
RUN /bin/bash -l -c gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdocUSER 指定当前用户
USER rootUSER usernameEXPOSE 暴露端口
声明端口作用是帮助镜像使用者理解这个镜像服务的守护端口以方便配置映射。在运行时使用随机端口映射时也就是 docker run -P时会自动随机映射EXPOSE的端口。
EXPOSE 端口1 [端口2...]在 Dockerfile 中写入这样的声明有两个好处:
一个是帮助镜像使用者理解这个镜像服务的守护端口以方便配置映射;另一个用处则是在运行时使用随机端口映射时也就是 docker run -P 时会自动随机映射 EXPOSE 的端口。 例子
EXPOSE 端口号
EXPOSE 端口号/协议默认协议是 TCP
EXPOSE 80/tcp
EXPOSE 80/udpFROM nginx
EXPOSE 80在docker-compose中
通常在docker-compose中会通过ports来映射并暴露端口docker-compose用法如下
ports:- 8001:80
