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一、小于2T磁盘挂载方式
1.1 安装磁盘到电脑后启动系统
1.2 查找未分区的磁盘
打…itopen组织1、提供OpenHarmony优雅实用的小工具2、手把手适配riscv qemu linux的三方库移植3、未来计划riscv qemu ohos的三方库移植 小程序开发4、一切拥抱开源拥抱国产化
一、小于2T磁盘挂载方式
1.1 安装磁盘到电脑后启动系统
1.2 查找未分区的磁盘
打开终端输入sudo fdisk -l查找到没有分区的磁盘已经分区的磁盘会有对应的Device Start End Sectors Size Type信息而未分区的磁盘没有对应的信息通过查看当前/dev/nvme0n1是新增加的未分区磁盘
$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for wen_fei:
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors # 未分区的磁盘
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/nvme1n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors # 已分区的磁盘
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6F0C9477-25AA-45D6-A027-C7186A2C5918Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 5859327 5857280 2.8G EFI System
/dev/nvme1n1p2 5859328 162109439 156250112 74.5G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p3 162109440 220702719 58593280 28G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p4 220702720 298827775 78125056 37.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p5 298827776 376952831 78125056 37.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p6 376952832 416014335 39061504 18.6G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p7 416014336 3907028991 3491014656 1.6T Linux filesystemDisk /dev/nvme2n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors # 已分区的磁盘
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B6155B74-845D-4234-B637-4308B3F0C56DDevice Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme2n1p1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T Linux filesystem1.3 磁盘分区
对未分区的磁盘执行命令sudo fdisk /dev/xxx根据提示输入m查看指令信息根据提示输入n开始创建分区根据提示输入p表示创建主分区或者输入区e表示创建逻辑分区一块硬盘最多只能创建4个主分区逻辑分区可以创建若干个根据提示输入x表示创建x个分区说明 我们挂载磁盘一般只创建一个分区即可直接输入1即可根据提示直接回车设置分区开始位置是从第2048个扇区开始 由于EFI的兴起要给EFI代码留磁盘最开始的1M空间即2048521/(10241024)1M因此分区默认第2048个扇区开始根据提示直接回车设置分区结束位置为磁盘末尾根据提示输入w保存分区设置
$ sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x20e2fdf1.Command (m for help): mHelp:DOS (MBR)a toggle a bootable flagb edit nested BSD disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagGenericd delete a partitionF list free unpartitioned spacel list known partition typesn add a new partitionp print the partition tablet change a partition typev verify the partition tablei print information about a partitionMiscm print this menuu change display/entry unitsx extra functionality (experts only)ScriptI load disk layout from sfdisk script fileO dump disk layout to sfdisk script fileSave Exitw write table to disk and exitq quit without saving changesCreate a new labelg create a new empty GPT partition tableG create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition tableo create a new empty DOS partition tables create a new empty Sun partition tableCommand (m for help): n
Partition typep primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048):
Last sector, /-sectors or /-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167):Created a new partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1.8 TiB.Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.1.4 格式化分区
输入命令sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xxx进行格式化磁盘记住生成磁盘的UUID为挂载磁盘使用
$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Found a dos partition table in /dev/nvme0n1
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 488378646 4k blocks and 122101760 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 330fdef4-df72-47ab-afa0-0ff08ae4999f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,102400000, 214990848Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done1.5 设置开机自动挂载
打开文件/etc/fstab添加新分区挂载到/data目录
$ sudo vim /etc/fstab
# /datb was on /dev/nvme3n1p1 during installation
UUID330fdef4-df72-47ab-afa0-0ff08ae4999f /data ext4 defaults 0 21.6 重启系统
系统重启后查看已经有目录/data表示挂载新磁盘成功 1.7 删除分区 卸载分区使用sudo umount xxx 对已分区的磁盘执行命令sudo fdisk /dev/xxx 根据提示输入m查看指令信息 根据提示输入d开始删除最后一个分区如果想删除更多的分区则不停的输入d即可 根据提示输入p表示打印分区表 根据提示输入w表示保存分区设置 删除/etc/fstab中原UUID挂载的磁盘
$ sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help): mHelp:DOS (MBR)a toggle a bootable flagb edit nested BSD disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagGenericd delete a partitionF list free unpartitioned spacel list known partition typesn add a new partitionp print the partition tablet change a partition typev verify the partition tablei print information about a partitionMiscm print this menuu change display/entry unitsx extra functionality (experts only)ScriptI load disk layout from sfdisk script fileO dump disk layout to sfdisk script fileSave Exitw write table to disk and exitq quit without saving changesCreate a new labelg create a new empty GPT partition tableG create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition tableo create a new empty DOS partition tables create a new empty Sun partition tableCommand (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcd706ecbCommand (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.二、大于2T磁盘挂载方式
2.1 安装磁盘到电脑后启动系统
2.2 查找未分区的磁盘
打开终端输入sudo fdisk -l查找到没有分区的磁盘已经分区的磁盘会有对应的Device Start End Sectors Size Type信息而未分区的磁盘没有对应的信息通过查看当前/dev/nvme0n1是新增加的未分区磁盘
$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for wen_fei:
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 3.74 TiB, 4096805658624 bytes, 8001573552 sectors
Disk model: Lexar SSD ARES 4TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/nvme1n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors # 已分区的磁盘
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6F0C9477-25AA-45D6-A027-C7186A2C5918Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 5859327 5857280 2.8G EFI System
/dev/nvme1n1p2 5859328 162109439 156250112 74.5G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p3 162109440 220702719 58593280 28G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p4 220702720 298827775 78125056 37.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p5 298827776 376952831 78125056 37.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p6 376952832 416014335 39061504 18.6G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p7 416014336 3907028991 3491014656 1.6T Linux filesystemDisk /dev/nvme2n1: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors # 已分区的磁盘
Disk model: Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B6155B74-845D-4234-B637-4308B3F0C56DDevice Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme2n1p1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T Linux filesystem2.3 磁盘分区
对未分区的磁盘执行命令sudo parted /dev/xxx根据提示输入mklabel gpt建立GPT分区根据提示输入Yes开始创建分区根据提示输入mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%创建主分区根据提示输入print查看详细信息根据提示输入quit退出
$ sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type help to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/nvme0n1 will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
continue?
Yes/No? Yes
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: Lexar SSD ARES 4TB (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 4097GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:Number Start End Size File system Name Flags1 1049kB 4097GB 4097GB ext4 primary(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.2.4 格式化分区
输入命令sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xxx进行格式化磁盘记住生成磁盘的UUID为挂载磁盘使用
$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
/dev/nvme0n1 contains a ext4 file systemcreated on Wed Jul 3 17:44:09 2024
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 1000196694 4k blocks and 250052608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 7918bc9f-458c-442f-b586-53fa657b4ad2
Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done2.5 设置开机自动挂载
打开文件/etc/fstab添加新分区挂载到/data目录
$ sudo vim /etc/fstab
# /datb was on /dev/nvme3n1p1 during installation
UUID7918bc9f-458c-442f-b586-53fa657b4ad2 /data ext4 defaults 0 22.6 重启系统
系统重启后查看已经有目录/data表示挂载新磁盘成功
