南京行业网站建设,乐清市规划图高清,网络营销推广的主要特点,wordpress博客页修改Linux dump命令用于备份文件系统。
dump为备份工具程序#xff0c;可将目录或整个文件系统备份至指定的设备#xff0c;或备份成一个大文件。
dump命令只可以备份ext2/3/4格式的文件系统#xff0c;
centos7默认未安装dump命令#xff0c;可以使用yum install -y dump安…Linux dump命令用于备份文件系统。
dump为备份工具程序可将目录或整个文件系统备份至指定的设备或备份成一个大文件。
dump命令只可以备份ext2/3/4格式的文件系统
centos7默认未安装dump命令可以使用yum install -y dump安装此命令。
全量备份/boot分区
[roots135 ~]# dump -0uj -f /root/boot.bak.bz2 /boot/
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:10:06 2021
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda1 (/boot) to /root/boot.bak.bz2
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: Compressing output at compression level 2 (bzlib)
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 115437 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Jul 30 16:10:06 2021
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing /root/boot.bak.bz2
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Jul 30 16:10:22 2021
DUMP: Volume 1 took 0:00:16
DUMP: Volume 1 transfer rate: 6656 kB/s
DUMP: Volume 1 116040kB uncompressed, 106506kB compressed, 1.090:1
DUMP: 116040 blocks (113.32MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in 16 seconds, throughput 7252 kBytes/sec
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:10:06 2021
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Jul 30 16:10:22 2021
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 6656 kB/s
DUMP: Wrote 116040kB uncompressed, 106506kB compressed, 1.090:1
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE[roots135 ~]# ll -h /root/
总用量 105M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.8K 7月 30 16:03 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 105M 7月 30 16:10 boot.bak.bz2[roots135 ~]# df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root ext4 9.8G 1.2G 8.1G 13% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 908M 0 908M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 8.5M 911M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 115M 795M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home ext4 17G 45M 16G 1% /home
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
增量备份/boot分区
在/boot分区创建一个测试文件hi.txt[roots135 ~]# cd /boot/
[roots135 boot]# touch hi.txt
[roots135 boot]# echo “this is a test” hi.txt然后增量备份/boot分区[roots135 ~]# dump -1uj -f /root/boot.bak1.bz2 /boot/
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:16:41 2021
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda1 (/boot) to /root/boot.bak1.bz2
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: Compressing output at compression level 2 (bzlib)
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 39 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing /root/boot.bak1.bz2
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
DUMP: 40 blocks (0.04MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: Wrote 40kB uncompressed, 11kB compressed, 3.637:1
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE查看增量备份文件大小[roots135 ~]# ll -h /root
总用量 105M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.8K 7月 30 16:03 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 12K 7月 30 16:17 boot.bak1.bz2
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 105M 7月 30 16:10 boot.bak.bz2
查询分区的最新备份记录
[roots135 ~]# dump -W
Last dump(s) done (Dump ‘’ file systems):
/dev/mapper/centos-root ( /) Last dump: never
/dev/sda1 ( /boot) Last dump: Level 1, Date Fri Jul 30 16:17:15 2021
/dev/mapper/centos-home ( /home) Last dump: never
备份文件或目录
备份文件和目录只能使用0级别即只能全量备份
[roots135 ~]# dump -0j -f /home/etc.dump.bz2 /etc/
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:23:29 2021
DUMP: Dumping /dev/mapper/centos-root (/ (dir etc)) to /home/etc.dump.bz2
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: Compressing output at compression level 2 (bzlib)
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 35010 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Jul 30 16:23:30 2021
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing /home/etc.dump.bz2
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Jul 30 16:23:35 2021
DUMP: Volume 1 took 0:00:05
DUMP: Volume 1 transfer rate: 2470 kB/s
DUMP: Volume 1 39190kB uncompressed, 12350kB compressed, 3.174:1
DUMP: 39190 blocks (38.27MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in 5 seconds, throughput 7838 kBytes/sec
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jul 30 16:23:29 2021
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Jul 30 16:23:35 2021
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 2470 kB/s
DUMP: Wrote 39190kB uncompressed, 12350kB compressed, 3.174:1
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
dump [参数]
常用参数参数说明-0123456789备份的层级-b指定区块的大小单位为KB-B指定备份卷册的区块数目-c修改备份磁带预设的密度与容量-d设置磁带的密度。单位为BPI-f指定备份设备-h当备份层级等于或大于指定的层级时将不备份用户标示为”nodump”的文件-j使用bzlib库压缩备份文件-n当备份工作需要管理员介入时向所有”operator”群组中的使用者发出通-s备份磁带的长度单位为英尺-T指定开始备份的时间与日期-u备份完毕后在/etc/dumpdates中记录备份的文件系统层级日期与时间等-w与-W类似但仅显示需要备份的文件-W显示需要备份的文件及其最后一次备份的层级时间与日期
