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1.工程搭建部署
方案一#xff1a;完整工程导入
方案二#xff1a;从零开始搭建
1.工程与module创建
2.数据库导入
3.项目启动
3.1 启动并访问user-service
3.2 启动并访问order-service
4.服务远程调用
时序图说明
服务远程调用实现
注入RestTemplate
Res… 目录
1.工程搭建部署
方案一完整工程导入
方案二从零开始搭建
1.工程与module创建
2.数据库导入
3.项目启动
3.1 启动并访问user-service
3.2 启动并访问order-service
4.服务远程调用
时序图说明
服务远程调用实现
注入RestTemplate
RestTemplate完成远程服务调用
重启并访问order-service
RestTemplate如何实现远程服务调用
5.总结
6.推荐阅读资料 1.工程搭建部署
方案一完整工程导入 cloud.zip如无法运行尝试换未编译版cloud-demo.zip 下载解压上述工程ide工具导入
方案二从零开始搭建
1.工程与module创建
1.1 父工程创建 1.2 子module创建 module名称order-service、user-service 无效文件夹删除整体结构如图2
1.3 父pom资源引入 粘贴以下资源依赖粘贴后maven会自动拉取依赖如未拉取请手动刷新
parentgroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-parent/artifactIdversion2.3.9.RELEASE/versionrelativePath/
/parent
propertiesproject.build.sourceEncodingUTF-8/project.build.sourceEncodingproject.reporting.outputEncodingUTF-8/project.reporting.outputEncodingjava.version1.8/java.versionspring-cloud.versionHoxton.SR10/spring-cloud.versionmysql.version5.1.47/mysql.versionmybatis.version2.1.1/mybatis.versionlombok.version1.18.20/lombok.version
/properties
dependencyManagementdependencies!-- springCloud --dependencygroupIdorg.springframework.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-dependencies/artifactIdversion${spring-cloud.version}/versiontypepom/typescopeimport/scope/dependency!-- mysql驱动 --dependencygroupIdmysql/groupIdartifactIdmysql-connector-java/artifactIdversion${mysql.version}/version/dependency!--mybatis--dependencygroupIdorg.mybatis.spring.boot/groupIdartifactIdmybatis-spring-boot-starter/artifactIdversion${mybatis.version}/version/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.projectlombok/groupIdartifactIdlombok/artifactIdversion${lombok.version}/version/dependency/dependencies
/dependencyManagement
1.4 子module资源引入
user-service dependenciesdependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdmysql/groupIdartifactIdmysql-connector-java/artifactId/dependency!--mybatis--dependencygroupIdorg.mybatis.spring.boot/groupIdartifactIdmybatis-spring-boot-starter/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.projectlombok/groupIdartifactIdlombok/artifactId/dependency
/dependencies
buildfinalNameapp/finalNamepluginsplugingroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-maven-plugin/artifactId/plugin/plugins
/build
order-service dependenciesdependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdmysql/groupIdartifactIdmysql-connector-java/artifactId/dependency!--mybatis--dependencygroupIdorg.mybatis.spring.boot/groupIdartifactIdmybatis-spring-boot-starter/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.projectlombok/groupIdartifactIdlombok/artifactId/dependency
/dependencies
buildpluginsplugingroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-maven-plugin/artifactId/plugin/plugins
/build
1.5 业务代码编写
1.user-service
application.yml配置文件
server:port: 8081
spring:datasource:url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud_user?useSSLfalseusername: rootpassword: root123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:type-aliases-package: cn.itcast.user.pojoconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:level:cn.itcast: debugpattern:dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
|--mapper |-- UserMapper
package cn.itcast.user.mapper;
import cn.itcast.user.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
/*** 用户持久层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:12*/
public interface UserMapper {
/*** 根据ID查找用户* param id 用户ID* return 用户实体信息*/Select(select * from tb_user where id#{id})User findById(Param(id) Long id);
}
|--pojo |-- User
package cn.itcast.user.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
/*** 用户实体** author * date 2022-12-22 14:07*/
Data
public class User {
/*** 主键ID*/private Long id;
/*** 用户姓名*/private String username;
/*** 用户地址*/private String address;
}
|--service |-- UserService
package cn.itcast.user.service;
import cn.itcast.user.mapper.UserMapper;
import cn.itcast.user.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Objects;
/*** 用户业务层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:13*/
Service
public class UserService {
Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;
/*** 根据ID查找用户* param id 用户ID* return 用户实体信息*/public User findById(Long id) {if (Objects.isNull(id)) {return null;}return userMapper.findById(id);}
}
|--web |-- UserController
package cn.itcast.user.web;
import cn.itcast.user.pojo.User;
import cn.itcast.user.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/*** 用户控制层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:15*/
RestController
RequestMapping(/user)
public class UserController {
Autowiredprivate UserService userService;
/*** 根据ID查找用户* param id ID* return 用户信息*/GetMapping(/{id})public User findById(PathVariable(id) Long id) {return userService.findById(id);}
}
|--UserApplication
package cn.itcast.user;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/*** 启动类** author * date 2022-12-22 14:00*/
MapperScan(cn.itcast.user.mapper)
SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);System.out.println(用户工程启动成功);}
}
2.order-service
application.yml配置文件
server:port: 8080
spring:datasource:url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud_order?useSSLfalseusername: rootpassword: root123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:type-aliases-package: cn.itcast.order.pojoconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:level:cn.itcast: debugpattern:dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
|--mapper |-- OrderMapper
package cn.itcast.order.mapper;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.Order;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
/*** 订单持久层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:22*/
public interface OrderMapper {
/*** 根据ID查找订单* param id 订单ID* return 订单对象*/Select(select * from tb_order where id#{id})Order findById(Param(id)Long id);
}
|--pojo |-- Order
package cn.itcast.order.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
/*** 订单实体(vo并非dto)** author * date 2022-12-22 14:19*/
Data
public class Order {
/*** 主键ID*/private Long id;
/*** 用户主键ID*/private Long userId;
/*** 商品名称*/private String name;
/*** 商品价格*/private Long price;
/*** 商品数量*/private Integer num;
/*** 用户信息*/private User user;
}
|-- User
package cn.itcast.order.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
/*** 用户实体** author * date 2022-12-22 14:07*/
Data
public class User {
/*** 主键ID*/private Long id;
/*** 用户姓名*/private String username;
/*** 用户地址*/private String address;
}
|--service |-- OrderService
package cn.itcast.order.service;
import cn.itcast.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.Order;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/*** 订单业务层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:24*/
Service
public class OrderService {
Autowiredprivate OrderMapper orderMapper;
/*** 根据ID查找订单* param id 订单ID* return 订单对象*/public Order findById(Long id) {Order order orderMapper.findById(id);return order;}
}
|--web |-- OrderController
package cn.itcast.order.web;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.Order;
import cn.itcast.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/*** 订单控制层** author * date 2022-12-22 14:25*/
RestController
RequestMapping(/order)
public class OrderController {
Autowiredprivate OrderService orderService;
/*** 根据ID查找订单* param orderId 订单ID* return 订单对象*/GetMapping(/{orderId})public Order findById(PathVariable(orderId)Long orderId) {return orderService.findById(orderId);}
}
|--OrderApplication
package cn.itcast.order;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/*** 启动类** author * date 2022-12-22 14:05*/
MapperScan(cn.itcast.order.mapper)
SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);System.out.println(订单工程启动成功);
}
} 2.数据库导入 需参见上图新建两个数据库然后导入DDL语句 cloud-order.sql cloud-user.sql
导完如下 3.项目启动 3.1 启动并访问user-service 3.2 启动并访问order-service 观察发现虽然order-service服务调用成功但是里面的user对象却是空的。原因我们应该也可以了解到是因为User对象数据数存储在数据库tb_user而此工程连接数据库是tb_order查询此数据库时无法获取对应的User数据怎么获取获取的具体实现我们将在下一章节进一步铺开。
4.服务远程调用
分析现有链路调用关系可以发现 http://localhost:8081/user/{id} 可以获取用户信息 http://localhost:8081/order/{orderId} 可以获取订单信息但是用户信息为空
想要订单信息中返回用户信息只要在获取订单链路中追加对用户信息的获取、返回值的组装即可由此引申出微服务之间的远程服务调用具体调整可见下图。 时序图说明 上述图形为时序图一般用来描述系统与系统之间的交互流程主要是交互API、代码顺序、参数一般忽略时序图不同于业务流程更关注业务实现过程中系统前后依赖数据请求与返回以下为笔者实际工作场景示例
服务远程调用实现
注入RestTemplate 此处推荐一个小的优雅工具Carbon | Create and share beautiful images of your source code RestTemplate完成远程服务调用 在此笔者除了完成远程服务调用同时对代码做了结构化、异常校验、函数封装。虽然此处逻辑并不复杂但是对于主干逻辑简化和代码风格希望能起到一个引导作用。 package cn.itcast.order.service;
import cn.itcast.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.Order;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* 订单业务层
*
* author
* date 2022-12-22 14:24
*/
Service
public class OrderService {
Autowiredprivate OrderMapper orderMapper;
Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;
/*** 根据ID查找订单* param id 订单ID* return 订单对象*/public Order findById(Long id) {
// step 1 : 查询订单原始数据Order order orderMapper.findById(id);if (Objects.isNull(order)) {return null;}
// step 2 : 查询用户数据User user queryUserInfoById(order.getUserId());
// step 3 : 组装用户数据if (Objects.nonNull(user)) {order.setUser(user);}
// step 4: 数据返回return order;}
/*** 根据用户ID查找用户信息* param userId 用户ID* return 用户信息*/private User queryUserInfoById(Long userId) {String url http://localhost:8081/user/ userId;return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);}
}
重启并访问order-service RestTemplate如何实现远程服务调用 5.总结 本节笔者带领大家完成了SpringCloud工程从0-1的搭建当然你不想搭建也可以直接采用方案一二者等效至此读者们完成了一个微服务工程的搭建、部署、访问。同时在本节最后一章笔者基于RestTemplate发起的http请求实现远程调用实现当A系统想要获取B系统数据时的跨系统数据交互。然而RESTful API(进一步了解可移步链接)访问并不是微服务的唯一解决方案如Dubbo的交互一样可以实现希望读者们能不限于此。 在本章节笔者希望大家对于微服务的拆分服务调用关系有个初步认知本例中当order-service调用user-service时前者就充当了服务调用方后者则是服务提供方这种调用关系在后续我们将会大量使用。 思考问题 如何实现服务远程调用 服务远程调用解决了什么问题 还有哪些技术可以实现远程服务调用 6.推荐阅读资料 了解时序图绘制https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyitan/p/16631240.html
