个人网站开发可行性报告,十大广告联盟,wordpress首页html,吉林电商网站建设费用1、准备一台虚机 可以根据《VMware Workstation安装Ubuntu 22.04笔记》来准备虚拟机。完成后#xff0c;根据需求安装必要的软件#xff0c;并设置root权限进行登录。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install iputils-ping -y
sudo apt install vim -y允许root ssh登录#xff1…1、准备一台虚机 可以根据《VMware Workstation安装Ubuntu 22.04笔记》来准备虚拟机。完成后根据需求安装必要的软件并设置root权限进行登录。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install iputils-ping -y
sudo apt install vim -y允许root ssh登录
sudo passwd root
sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
...
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes --新增配置
...
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
sudo service ssh restart其他相关信息roothost1:~# hostname
host1roothost1:~# uname -a
Linux host1 5.15.0-117-generic #127-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 5 20:13:28 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
roothost1:~# cat /etc/*release
DISTRIB_IDUbuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAMEjammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTIONUbuntu 22.04.4 LTS
PRETTY_NAMEUbuntu 22.04.4 LTS
NAMEUbuntu
VERSION_ID22.04
VERSION22.04.4 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
VERSION_CODENAMEjammy
IDubuntu
ID_LIKEdebian
HOME_URLhttps://www.ubuntu.com/
SUPPORT_URLhttps://help.ubuntu.com/
BUG_REPORT_URLhttps://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/
PRIVACY_POLICY_URLhttps://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy
UBUNTU_CODENAMEjammy
roothost1:~# roothost1:~# ip a
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:cd:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s0inet 10.0.20.61/24 brd 10.0.20.255 scope global ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:cd1a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens33: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:cd:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s1inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:cd24/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、Docker安装
Docker是一个开源的软件平台它允许你通过容器化技术来构建、测试和运行应用程序。容器化是一种轻量级、可移植的、自给自足的软件运行方式它使得应用程序及其依赖项可以被打包在一起从而简化了软件的部署和管理。
Docker为Ubuntu提供了一个官方的APT仓库这使得在Ubuntu系统上安装Docker变得非常简单。以下是在Ubuntu 22.04上安装Docker的步骤
1. 更新包索引
更新本地包索引以确保安装的是最新版本的软件包。
roothost1:~# apt update
2. 安装所需的软件包
roothost1:~# apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common apt-transport-https: 这个软件包提供了通过 HTTPS 协议获取软件包的能力。ca-certificates: 包含用于验证 HTTPS 连接的证书。curl: 是一个命令行工具和库用于传输数据支持多种协议包括 HTTP、HTTPS 和 FTP。software-properties-common: 包含用于添加和管理软件源的工具。 3. 添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥到 Ubuntu 系统
roothost1:~# curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpgroothost1:~# ls /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
roothost1:~# curl: 是一个命令行工具用于从或向服务器传输数据。-fsSL: 选项组合 -f 或 -fail服务器返回失败的HTTP状态码时不显示错误。-s 或 --silent静默或无输出模式。-S 或 --show-error在出现问题时显示错误。-L 或 --location跟随重定向。https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg: 是 Docker 官方的 GPG 密钥的 URL。|: 是管道操作符将前一个命令的输出作为后一个命令的输入。sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg: 这个命令使用 gpg 工具将通过管道接收到的密钥转换为二进制格式并将其输出到指定的文件路径。 4. 将 Docker 的官方软件源添加到 Ubuntu 的 APT 软件源列表中
roothost1:~# echo deb [archamd64 signed-by/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list /dev/null
执行这个命令后Docker 的官方软件源将被添加到您的系统软件源列表中APT 将能够从这个源安装 Docker。
5. 在 Ubuntu 系统中安装 Docker CE社区版及其命令行接口CLI和 containerd.io 容器运行时
roothost1:~# apt update
roothost1:~# apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
6. 设置 Docker 服务在系统启动时自动启动
roothost1:~# systemctl enable docker
Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker
roothost1:~#
7. 显示当前安装的 Docker 版本信息
roothost1:~# docker --version
Docker version 27.1.1, build 6312585roothost1:~# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-08-06 02:27:10 UTC; 2min 49s ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socketDocs: https://docs.docker.comMain PID: 2050 (dockerd)Tasks: 10Memory: 22.0MCPU: 321msCGroup: /system.slice/docker.service└─2050 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd/run/containerd/containerd.sockAug 06 02:27:09 host1 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Aug 06 02:27:09 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:09.804576515Z levelinfo msgStarting up
Aug 06 02:27:09 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:09.805423605Z levelinfo msgdetected 127.0.0.53 nameserver, assuming systemd-resolved, so using resolv.conf: /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
Aug 06 02:27:09 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:09.886376001Z levelinfo msgLoading containers: start.
Aug 06 02:27:10 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:10.259919206Z levelinfo msgLoading containers: done.
Aug 06 02:27:10 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:10.278184800Z levelinfo msgDocker daemon commitcc13f95 containerd-snapshotterfalse storage-driveroverlay2 version27.1.1
Aug 06 02:27:10 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:10.278390653Z levelinfo msgDaemon has completed initialization
Aug 06 02:27:10 host1 dockerd[2050]: time2024-08-06T02:27:10.319697168Z levelinfo msgAPI listen on /run/docker.sock
Aug 06 02:27:10 host1 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
roothost1:~#
8. 测试 Docker 是否正确安装
roothost1:~# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image hello-world:latest locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1408fec50309afee38f3535383f5b09419e6dc0925bc69891e79d84cc4cdcec6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latestHello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.2. The Docker daemon pulled the hello-world image from the Docker Hub.(amd64)3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs theexecutable that produces the output you are currently reading.4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent itto your terminal.To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:$ docker run -it ubuntu bashShare images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:https://hub.docker.com/For more examples and ideas, visit:https://docs.docker.com/get-started/roothost1:~#
3、Docker使用
3.1 docker pull 下载镜像
1、从Docker HubDocker的官方镜像仓库下载标签为 22.04 的Ubuntu镜像roothost1:~# docker pull ubuntu:22.04
22.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
3713021b0277: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:340d9b015b194dc6e2a13938944e0d016e57b9679963fdeb9ce021daac430221
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:22.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:22.042、列出本地的Docker镜像roothost1:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 22.04 8a3cdc4d1ad3 5 weeks ago 77.9MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 15 months ago 13.3kB3.2 docker run 启动容器
在Docker中创建并启动一个名为 test1 的新容器使用 ubuntu:22.04 镜像并提供一个交互式的bash shell
roothost1:~# docker run --name test1 -it ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash
root33d9582b76bf:/# exit
exit
roothost1:~# -it这是一个组合选项-i 表示交互式-t 表示分配一个伪终端。这个选项允许你与容器内的进程进行交互 /bin/bash这是容器启动后要运行的命令即启动bash shell 执行这个命令后Docker会做以下几件事
检查本地是否有 ubuntu:22.04 镜像如果没有它会从Docker Hub下载这个镜像。使用这个镜像创建一个新的容器命名为 test1。启动容器并提供一个交互式的bash shell允许你执行命令和操作。要退出终端直接输入 exit。
启动容器同时后台运行:
roothost1:~# docker run --name test2 -itd ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash
13406586d37f4dceadf75d49643d401cbc806d81e48a085f54969e279ab593ee
3.3 docker ps 列出容器
列出所有容器包括正在运行的和已经停止的容器
roothost1:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash About a minute ago Up About a minute test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 23 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 seconds ago test1
6843deb526c2 hello-world /hello 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago great_booth
roothost1:~# 只列出正在运行的容器:
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash About a minute ago Up About a minute test2
roothost1:~#
3.4 docker start启动已经停止的容器
roothost1:~# docker start test1
test1
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 24 minutes ago Up 4 seconds test1
roothost1:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 24 minutes ago Up 8 seconds test1
6843deb526c2 hello-world /hello 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago great_booth
roothost1:~# 3.5 docker stop 停止容器
roothost1:~# docker stop test1
test1
3.6 docker restart 重启容器
roothost1:~# docker restart test1
test1
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 30 minutes ago Up 4 seconds test1
roothost1:~# docker start和docker restart区别 docker start 仅用于启动已经停止的容器不会重新初始化容器的启动命令。docker restart 可以用于重启正在运行的容器或者重新启动已经停止的容器并且会重新执行容器的启动命令。 使用场景 如果你需要重新激活一个已经停止的容器并且希望它从停止时的状态继续运行使用 docker start。如果你需要重置容器的状态或者容器需要在重启时重新加载配置或执行初始化命令使用 docker restart。 3.7 docker attach进入容器
docker run -itd方式启动容器会进入后台或者docker start/restart重新启动的容器也会进入后台。此时要进入容器可以使用docker attach执行exit退出容器
roothost1:~# docker attach test1
root33d9582b76bf:/#
root33d9582b76bf:/# exit
exit
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes test2
roothost1:~#
3.8 docker exec进入容器
roothost1:~# docker start test1
test1
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 20 minutes ago Up 20 minutes test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 42 minutes ago Up 3 seconds test1
roothost1:~# docker exec -it 33d9582b76bf /bin/bash
root33d9582b76bf:/#
root33d9582b76bf:/# exit
exit
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 20 minutes ago Up 20 minutes test2
33d9582b76bf ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 43 minutes ago Up 42 seconds test1
roothost1:~# 使用docker exec进入容器如果从这个容器退出容器不会停止。
3.9 docker rm 删除容器
roothost1:~# docker rm -f test1
test1
roothost1:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes test2
6843deb526c2 hello-world /hello 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago great_booth
roothost1:~#
4、容器之间相互Ping通
1、进入容器test1/test2并安装相应软件
容器test1安装软件
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e6fb111b9b11 ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds test1
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes test2
roothost1:~# docker exec -it e6fb111b9b11 /bin/bash
roote6fb111b9b11:/# ip a
bash: ip: command not found
roote6fb111b9b11:/# apt update
roote6fb111b9b11:/# apt install iproute2
roote6fb111b9b11:/# apt install inetutils-ping -yroote6fb111b9b11:/# exit
exit容器test2安装软件
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e6fb111b9b11 ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes test1
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes test2
roothost1:~#
roothost1:~# docker exec -it 13406586d37f /bin/bash
root13406586d37f:/# apt update
2、查看容器ip地址信息并相互ping
roothost1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e6fb111b9b11 ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes test1
13406586d37f ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash 40 minutes ago Up 40 minutes test2进入容器test1:
roothost1:~# docker exec -it e6fb111b9b11 /bin/bash
roote6fb111b9b11:/# ip a
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
23: eth0if24: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
roote6fb111b9b11:/# 进入容器test2:
roothost1:~# docker exec -it 13406586d37f /bin/bash
root13406586d37f:/# ip a
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
15: eth0if16: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever容器test2 ping 容器test1:
roote6fb111b9b11:/# ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq0 ttl64 time0.061 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq1 ttl64 time0.040 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq2 ttl64 time0.033 ms
^C--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev 0.033/0.045/0.061/0.000 ms
roote6fb111b9b11:/#
