360的网站怎么做seo技术自学

DAY 52 神经网络调参指南

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np# 定义通道注意力
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_channels, ratio=16):"""通道注意力机制初始化参数:in_channels: 输入特征图的通道数ratio: 降维比例，用于减少参数量，默认为16"""super().__init__()# 全局平均池化，将每个通道的特征图压缩为1x1，保留通道间的平均值信息self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)# 全局最大池化，将每个通道的特征图压缩为1x1，保留通道间的最显著特征self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)# 共享全连接层，用于学习通道间的关系# 先降维（除以ratio），再通过ReLU激活，最后升维回原始通道数self.fc = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(in_channels, in_channels // ratio, bias=False),  # 降维层nn.ReLU(),  # 非线性激活函数nn.Linear(in_channels // ratio, in_channels, bias=False)   # 升维层)# Sigmoid函数将输出映射到0-1之间，作为各通道的权重self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):"""前向传播函数参数:x: 输入特征图，形状为 [batch_size, channels, height, width]返回:调整后的特征图，通道权重已应用"""# 获取输入特征图的维度信息，这是一种元组的解包写法b, c, h, w = x.shape# 对平均池化结果进行处理：展平后通过全连接网络avg_out = self.fc(self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c))# 对最大池化结果进行处理：展平后通过全连接网络max_out = self.fc(self.max_pool(x).view(b, c))# 将平均池化和最大池化的结果相加并通过sigmoid函数得到通道权重attention = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out).view(b, c, 1, 1)# 将注意力权重与原始特征相乘，增强重要通道，抑制不重要通道return x * attention #这个运算是pytorch的广播机制## 空间注意力模块
class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):super().__init__()self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=kernel_size//2, bias=False)self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):# 通道维度池化avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)  # 平均池化：(B,1,H,W)max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)  # 最大池化：(B,1,H,W)pool_out = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)  # 拼接：(B,2,H,W)attention = self.conv(pool_out)  # 卷积提取空间特征return x * self.sigmoid(attention)  # 特征与空间权重相乘## CBAM模块
class CBAM(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_channels, ratio=16, kernel_size=7):super().__init__()self.channel_attn = ChannelAttention(in_channels, ratio)self.spatial_attn = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)def forward(self, x):x = self.channel_attn(x)x = self.spatial_attn(x)return x

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np# 设置中文字体支持
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei"]
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 解决负号显示问题# 检查GPU是否可用
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(f"使用设备: {device}")# 1. 数据预处理
# 训练集：使用多种数据增强方法提高模型泛化能力
train_transform = transforms.Compose([# 随机裁剪图像，从原图中随机截取32x32大小的区域transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),# 随机水平翻转图像（概率0.5）transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),# 随机颜色抖动：亮度、对比度、饱和度和色调随机变化transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2, saturation=0.2, hue=0.1),# 随机旋转图像（最大角度15度）transforms.RandomRotation(15),# 将PIL图像或numpy数组转换为张量transforms.ToTensor(),# 标准化处理：每个通道的均值和标准差，使数据分布更合理transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])# 测试集：仅进行必要的标准化，保持数据原始特性，标准化不损失数据信息，可还原
test_transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(),transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])# 2. 加载CIFAR-10数据集
train_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data',train=True,download=True,transform=train_transform  # 使用增强后的预处理
)test_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data',train=False,transform=test_transform  # 测试集不使用增强
)# 3. 创建数据加载器
batch_size = 80
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)

# 4. 定义CNN模型的定义（替代原MLP）
class CNN(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(CNN, self).__init__()# 初始卷积层self.conv_init = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(64),nn.ReLU())# 第一卷积块（含CBAM）self.block1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(64),nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(64),CBAM(64)  # 在卷积块后添加CBAM)self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)self.drop1 = nn.Dropout2d(0.1)# 第二卷积块（含CBAM）self.block2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),  # stride=2降维nn.BatchNorm2d(128),nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(128),CBAM(128)  # 在卷积块后添加CBAM)self.pool2 = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)self.drop2 = nn.Dropout2d(0.2)# 第三卷积块（含CBAM）self.block3 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(256),nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(256),CBAM(256)  # 在卷积块后添加CBAM)self.pool3 = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(4)self.drop3 = nn.Dropout2d(0.3)# 全连接层self.fc = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(256 * 4 * 4, 512),nn.BatchNorm1d(512),nn.ReLU(),nn.Dropout(0.5),nn.Linear(512, 128),nn.BatchNorm1d(128),nn.ReLU(),nn.Dropout(0.3),nn.Linear(128, 10))def forward(self, x):x = self.conv_init(x)x = self.block1(x)x = self.pool1(x)x = self.drop1(x)x = self.block2(x)x = self.pool2(x)x = self.drop2(x)x = self.block3(x)x = self.pool3(x)x = self.drop3(x)x = x.view(-1, 256 * 4 * 4)x = self.fc(x)return x# 初始化模型
model = CNN()
model = model.to(device)  # 将模型移至GPU（如果可用）

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()  # 交叉熵损失函数
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)  # Adam优化器# 引入学习率调度器，在训练过程中动态调整学习率--训练初期使用较大的 LR 快速降低损失，训练后期使用较小的 LR 更精细地逼近全局最优解。
# 在每个 epoch 结束后，需要手动调用调度器来更新学习率，可以在训练过程中调用 scheduler.step()
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer,        # 指定要控制的优化器（这里是Adam）mode='min',       # 监测的指标是"最小化"（如损失函数）patience=3,       # 如果连续3个epoch指标没有改善，才降低LRfactor=0.5        # 降低LR的比例（新LR = 旧LR × 0.5）
)

# 5. 训练模型（记录每个 iteration 的损失）
def train(model, train_loader, test_loader, criterion, optimizer, scheduler, device, epochs):model.train()  # 设置为训练模式# 记录每个 iteration 的损失all_iter_losses = []  # 存储所有 batch 的损失iter_indices = []     # 存储 iteration 序号# 记录每个 epoch 的准确率和损失train_acc_history = []test_acc_history = []train_loss_history = []test_loss_history = []# 早停相关参数best_test_acc = 0.0patience = 5  # 早停耐心值，5个epochcounter = 0   # 计数器，记录连续未改进的epoch数early_stop = False  # 早停标志for epoch in range(epochs):running_loss = 0.0correct = 0total = 0for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)  # 移至GPUoptimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度清零output = model(data)  # 前向传播loss = criterion(output, target)  # 计算损失loss.backward()  # 反向传播optimizer.step()  # 更新参数# 记录当前 iteration 的损失iter_loss = loss.item()all_iter_losses.append(iter_loss)iter_indices.append(epoch * len(train_loader) + batch_idx + 1)# 统计准确率和损失running_loss += iter_loss_, predicted = output.max(1)total += target.size(0)correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()# 每100个批次打印一次训练信息if (batch_idx + 1) % 100 == 0:print(f'Epoch: {epoch+1}/{epochs} | Batch: {batch_idx+1}/{len(train_loader)} 'f'| 单Batch损失: {iter_loss:.4f} | 累计平均损失: {running_loss/(batch_idx+1):.4f}')# 计算当前epoch的平均训练损失和准确率epoch_train_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)epoch_train_acc = 100. * correct / totaltrain_acc_history.append(epoch_train_acc)train_loss_history.append(epoch_train_loss)# 测试阶段model.eval()  # 设置为评估模式test_loss = 0correct_test = 0total_test = 0with torch.no_grad():for data, target in test_loader:data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)output = model(data)test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()_, predicted = output.max(1)total_test += target.size(0)correct_test += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()epoch_test_loss = test_loss / len(test_loader)epoch_test_acc = 100. * correct_test / total_testtest_acc_history.append(epoch_test_acc)test_loss_history.append(epoch_test_loss)# 更新学习率调度器scheduler.step(epoch_test_loss)print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}/{epochs} 完成 | 训练准确率: {epoch_train_acc:.2f}% | 测试准确率: {epoch_test_acc:.2f}%')# 早停检查if epoch_test_acc > best_test_acc:best_test_acc = epoch_test_acccounter = 0# 保存最佳模型（可选）torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'best_model.pth')print(f"找到更好的模型，准确率: {best_test_acc:.2f}%，已保存")else:counter += 1print(f"早停计数器: {counter}/{patience}")if counter >= patience:print(f"早停触发！连续 {patience} 个epoch测试准确率未提高")early_stop = True# 如果触发早停，跳出训练循环if early_stop:print(f"训练在第 {epoch+1} 个epoch提前结束")break# 绘制所有 iteration 的损失曲线plot_iter_losses(all_iter_losses, iter_indices)# 绘制每个 epoch 的准确率和损失曲线plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc_history, test_acc_history, train_loss_history, test_loss_history)return epoch_test_acc  # 返回最终测试准确率# 6. 绘制每个 iteration 的损失曲线
def plot_iter_losses(losses, indices):plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))plt.plot(indices, losses, 'b-', alpha=0.7, label='Iteration Loss')plt.xlabel('Iteration（Batch序号）')plt.ylabel('损失值')plt.title('每个 Iteration 的训练损失')plt.legend()plt.grid(True)plt.tight_layout()plt.show()# 7. 绘制每个 epoch 的准确率和损失曲线
def plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc, test_acc, train_loss, test_loss):epochs = range(1, len(train_acc) + 1)plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))# 绘制准确率曲线plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)plt.plot(epochs, train_acc, 'b-', label='训练准确率')plt.plot(epochs, test_acc, 'r-', label='测试准确率')plt.xlabel('Epoch')plt.ylabel('准确率 (%)')plt.title('训练和测试准确率')plt.legend()plt.grid(True)# 绘制损失曲线plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)plt.plot(epochs, train_loss, 'b-', label='训练损失')plt.plot(epochs, test_loss, 'r-', label='测试损失')plt.xlabel('Epoch')plt.ylabel('损失值')plt.title('训练和测试损失')plt.legend()plt.grid(True)plt.tight_layout()plt.show()# 8. 执行训练和测试
epochs = 40  # 增加训练轮次以获得更好效果
print("开始使用CNN训练模型...")
final_accuracy = train(model, train_loader, test_loader, criterion, optimizer, scheduler, device, epochs)
print(f"训练完成！最终测试准确率: {final_accuracy:.2f}%")# # 保存模型
# torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'cifar10_cnn_model.pth')
# print("模型已保存为: cifar10_cnn_model.pth")

训练完成！最终测试准确率: 87.04%

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