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一般现在时(二)
1.什么叫实义动词?
实义动词是指表示有具体意思的动词，也叫行为动词。
例如:like(喜欢) eat(吃) live(居住) have(有) run(跑)等等。
实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数
🔖我们已学过的be动词可译为是,有时译为成为,有时则没有具体意思，如She is tall，这句话译为她很高。故be动词不属于实义动词。
2.一般现在时实义动词做谓语的时候有两种形式
- 动词原型，如:like
- 第三人称单数动词形式,如:likes
语法
主语 + 行为动词原形 | 行为动词的单数第三人称形式 （+宾语）
例句
We study English.
He studies Chinese
3.实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则
| 规则 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 一般情况下直接加-s | walk-walks |
| 以s、x、sh、ch、o结尾的加-es | watch-watches go-goes |
| 辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加-es | fly-flies |
| 特殊情况 | have-has |
💡变化对象为实义动词，与名词单复数变化规则相似，切勿混淆
4.实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型
肯定句
主语(I/We/You/They[非三单]) + 实义动词原形 + 宾语
例句
I like music very much.
They have a big house.
主语(He/She/It) + 实义动词三单形式 + 宾语
He likes music very much.
Lucy has a big house.
否定句
助动词:do除了三单以外 does三单
语法:主语 + do + not + 动词原形 + 宾语
例句
I don't like music at all.
They don't have a big house.
语法:主语(三单) + does + not + 动词原形 + 宾语 [此处动词要恢复原型]
例句
He doesn't like music at all.
Lucy doesn't have a big house.
📖助动词do/does和三单是死敌，有你没我有我没你
一般疑问句及肯、否定回答
助动词:do does
语法:Do +主语 +动词原形 + 宾语 ?
Do you like music?
Yes,I do. / No,I don't //用什么(do/does)提问就用什么回答
Do they have a big house?
Yes,they do. / No,they don't
语法:Does + 主语(三单) + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?
Does he like music?
Yes,he does. / No,he doesn't.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 ?
例句
What do you want?
What does she want?
- 特殊疑问词
What
What time do you have lunch?
What time does she have lunch?
- 特殊疑问词
What time
Where do you live?
Where does she live?
- 特殊疑问词
Where
实义动词的一般现在时用法小结
谓语动词是实义动词时，其一般现在时的谓语动词形式有两种–第三人称单数或原形。其否定句和疑问句要借助于does或do来帮助构成
练习题
变否定句:I want a banana.
I don't want a banana.
- 借助助动词
do+not
变一般疑问句:We have lunch 12:00
Do you have lunch 12:00 ?
- 借用助动词Do[非三单]
- 第一人称改疑问句变第二人称
变一般疑问句:Amy wants some chicken.
Does Amy want any chicken.
- 借用助动词
Does:第三人称单数 - 动词
wants变为原形 - some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句
常用特殊疑问词
- 时间:when
- 地点:where
- 人:who
- 物:what
- 状态:how
- 年龄:how old
- 价钱:how much
- 数量:how many [可数] how much[不可数]
特殊疑问句练习题
语法:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句(去掉要问的部分)
He is ten.
How old is he?
He is at home.
Where is he?
He goes to school at seven.
When does he go to school?
He goes to school by bus.
How does he go to school?