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Websocket是什么

WebSocket 是一种网络传输协议，可在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通信，位于 OSI 模型的应用层。WebSocket 协议在 2011 年由 IETF 标准化为 RFC 6455，后由 RFC 7936 补充规范。

WebSocket 使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单，允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在 WebSocket API 中，浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手，两者之间就可以创建持久性的连接，并进行双向数据传输。

WebSocket 服务端

使用 spring boot ， 添加坐标。

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

构建websocket 服务

• SpringSocketController 是 websocket 处理类
• addHandler 是指定处理器、路径
• setAllowedOrigins 是设置允许的跨域请求源

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {@Overridepublic void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {registry.addHandler(webSocketHandler(), "/websocket").setAllowedOrigins("*"); }@Beanpublic WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler() {return new SpringSocketController();}
}

实现处理器

SpringSocketController.java 内容如下！

public class SpringSocketController implements WebSocketHandler {// 用于存储所有连接的sessionprivate List<WebSocketSession> sessions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();// 建立连接后@Overridepublic void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {System.out.println("连接成功");sessions.add(session);}// 收到消息后@Overridepublic void handleMessage(WebSocketSession session, WebSocketMessage<?> message) throws Exception {System.out.println("收到消息：" + message.getPayload());System.out.println(session);// 判断消息类型if (message.getPayloadLength() > 0) {// 发送消息给所有连接的客户端System.out.println(sessions.size());for (WebSocketSession s : sessions) {if (s.isOpen()){s.sendMessage(new TextMessage("服务器收到消息：" + message.getPayload()));}}}}// 传输错误后@Overridepublic void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) throws Exception {System.out.println("传输错误: " + exception.getMessage());}// 关闭连接后@Overridepublic void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus closeStatus) throws Exception {System.out.println("连接关闭");session.close();}// 是否支持部分消息@Overridepublic boolean supportsPartialMessages() {return false;}
}

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>3.3.0</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>practiceJava</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>practiceJava</name><description>practiceJava</description><properties><java.version>17</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

客户端

客户端使用的是 vite、 vue3

<template><div>websocket</div><el-button @click="send">send</el-button>
</template>
<script setup>  
const ws = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080/websocket');
ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
ws.onopen = function () {console.log('WebSocket连接已打开');
};
ws.onmessage = function (event) {console.log('收到消息：', event.data);
};
ws.onclose = function () {console.log('WebSocket连接已关闭');
};
ws.onerror = function (error) {console.log('WebSocket发生错误：', error);
};
// ws.send('Hello, WebSocket!');const send = () => {ws.send('Hello, WebSocket!');
}</script>

仓库地址

https://github.com/Mrceel/java-demo.git